Organization Study at Saldana Coffee

When we think about refreshment, the first thing that comes to our mind is coffee or tea. Most people prefer coffee and most prefer tea and these two drinks have become a part of a human being’s life.

Here we (I) have concentrated on coffee which is considered as a traditional drinks especially in south India. People here start their everyday life with a cup of coffee. Not only in south India but in all parts of the world people are so dependent and addicted to coffee that it acts as a daily schedule to every body every where. But this coffee is not grown in all parts of the world but is grown in very few places with right kind or weather, atmosphere and most important of all, the soil of that region. It is usually grown in hill stations with adequate amount of rainfall and such places which are high above sea level. Therefore in India, Karnataka is such a place, especially South Karnataka which produces the highest amount of coffee in whole India. Most parts of Karnataka such as Chikmagalur district and many parts in Hassan District, and also Coorg.

So people here feel proud to be citizen of such place where coffee takes its birth. So that being the main reason, I have concentrated on a organization which has its roots spread very vast in coffee industry and is a major player in worlds import/export of coffee and deals in coffee beans curing activities present in near Belur.

Before 1995, produce of coffee estate has to be compulsorily pooled to the Indian coffee board which was controlling on it as per the coffee act consequent on removing the control over coffee by Government of India and implementing free sale quota the growers have the right in selling their produce anywhere. Accordingly Shree B.A.Saldana,a leading coffee grower from Mudigere decided to start a coffee curing of his own so as to encourage employment to the people of area, procure raw coffee from coffee growers, process it and to sell both in internal market as well as exporting to foreign countries with good quality.

During 1995 the Belur Coffee Curing and Trading company (BCCTC) and Trading company come into existence as a partnership firm with founder Mr.B.A.Saldana along with his son as other partner.

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Organization Study at Nirani Sugars

The sugar industry occupies a major portion in the (organization) industries of India. The sugar industries have rank second next to cotton and textile industries. The sugar industry started since 1830. China is the first producer of sugar in the world. It provides highest direct employment opportunities.

Today India has become largest sugar producer in the world. India produces 190-200 lakh metric tone of sugar per year. The sugarcane is being grown in many states of India like Maharashtra (First place), Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka. In Karnataka the sugar cane is mostly grown around Bagalkot, Bijapur, Belgaum, Mandya districts and coastal areas. The Sugar cane can be grown in all types of soil but higher yield can be obtained in black fertile soil.

2007 will mark a major change in the sugar market as Brazil, the traditional powerhouse in the arena, surrenders its crown over to the new leader, India. India is predicted to cultivate 33 million tones by the end of this year, nearly 20% of the entire world’s production.

Brazil’s dominance in the sugar market dates back a few decades, when Brazil overtook the title from Cuba. The tropical climate and good soil in the region gave the tiny Caribbean island a strong advantage over its competitors. Over the past two decades, however, the communist regime has destroyed the country’s sugar industry and today Cuba is a skeleton of its former self in terms of sugar production.

70% of Brazilian sugar is produced in the state of Sao Paolo, the lowest cost producer in the world as of 2005, at about 10 cents/lb. The strong Brazilian Real has changed the dynamics of the industry, though, as the currency strength has caused export prices to rise about 30%, placing it on a more equal footing with other competitors such as Thailand and India, which can produce a pound of sugar for around 18 cents. Brazil is also the world’s largest consumer of sugar, with per capita consumption around 55 kg/year, just beating out Mexico and far out passing the United States at 29 kg/year.

Much of this disparity is due to the ethanol industry, which in Brazil is far more advanced than any place else on the planet. The majority of cars sold in Brazil today can be run off pure sugar ethanol as the refueling infrastructure is already in place. The percentage of sugar in the ethanol is also around 50%, and increases as crude oil becomes more expensive.

India, which has less farmland than Brazil, also has poorer soil, poorer climate, and poorer infrastructure. It does, however, have one significant advantage on Brazil, a cheaper labor force, especially in the agriculture labor. This has allowed the country to compete in a very difficult industry.

Also, the de-regulation of the Indian business structure that has allowed the flourishing of technology companies is now expanding to the agriculture arena as well. India has been increasing its sugar production at a rate far faster than any other country in the world for several years. Total sugar production has nearly doubled in the past 3-4 years, moving the country from a distant 3rd, to become the new king of the sugar industry.

M/s. Nirani Sugars Limited (NSL), a company incorporated on the 6th Dec, 1995 under the Companies Act, 1956 has applied for Term Loan of Rs. 15.90 crores to Sugar Development Fund(SDF) for meeting part of the capital cost of its project envisaging modernization & up-gradation of existing sugar factory with an installed capacity of 1250 TCD to 3750 TCD with substantial investment at Kulali cross Mudhol Tq. Dist: Bagalkot, Karnataka State, NSL has included in the scope of the project, the co-generation of surplus power also at a total project cost of about Rs. 97.00 crores. (Sugar unit Rs. 53.00 crores and cogeneration unit Rs. 44.00 crores).

Total Cost of the Project, for the Sugar plant expansion Rs. 5300 Lakhs,(Rs. 42.00 Crores for sugar and 11.00 crores loading from co-generation plant cost) consisting of an Equity Contribution of Rs. 5.30 Crores Promoters, Rs. 15.90 crores equity from Sugar development fund of Govt. of India & the balance of Rs. 31.80 crores funded through Term Loans from the Financial Institutions/Banks.

The funding for the cogeneration plant costing Rs. 4400.00 Lakhs is envisaged by obtaining Rs. 3080 Lakhs from IREDA, Rs 440.00 Lakhs from promoter’s contribution and Rs. 880 Lakhs from sugar development fund.

M/s. Nirani Sugars Limited (NSL) is a company registered under the Indian Companies Act, 1956, initially as Private Limited Company, vide registration certificate number 08/19340 of 1995 dated 06.12.1995 by the registrar of companies in Karnataka, Bangalore, Subsequently, the company has been converted into Public Limited Company vide Certificate of Incorporation dated 15.02.2002 by ROC, Karnataka, Bangalore.

The unit was originally established in the year 1997-98 as a modern Khandasari Sugar unit with a crushing capacity of 500 tonnes of cane per day and later converted into white crystal sugar unit.

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Organization Study at Gem Sugars

The sugar industry is one of the important Ago-based industry of the country India is the fourth major sugar production in the world. The first three is Russia, Brazil and Cuba. Sugar industry provides direct employment to nearly 3lakh persons this industry supports about 25 million agriculturists. It pay’s both to the central government and the state government about Rs.350 crores by way of different taxes. The capital employed in the industry is of the order of Rs.780 crores. There are about 414 mills producing sugar, which are spread all over the country.

Sugar production on modern lines started with the beginning of this century. This industry is an excellent example of an industry, which has developed over the years. It was granted protection in 1932.As a result, the number of factories increased from 32 in 1931-32 to 130 in 1935-36 and the production of sugar increased from 1,62,000 tones in1931-32 to 9,47,000 tones in 1935-36.

The industry has made rapid progress in the post-independence period. The number of sugar factories has increased from 138 in 1950-51 to414 in 1993-94 production of sugar has to increased from 11 lakh tones in 1950-51 to 199 lakh tones in 1990-91. The sugar has increase because of the policy of encouragement of the Government. www.projectskart.com However output has fluctuated because of the uncertain monsoons and the prices of Jaggery and Khandasari.

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Organization Study at Coffee Day

When we think about refreshment, the first thing that comes to our mind is coffee or tea. Most people prefer coffee and most prefer tea and these two drinks have become a part of a human being’s life.

Here we (I) have concentrated on coffee which is considered as a traditional drinks especially in south India. People here start their everyday life with a cup of coffee. Not only in south India but in all parts of the world people are so dependent and addicted to coffee that it acts as a daily schedule to every body every where. But this coffee is not grown in all parts of the world but is grown in very few places with right kind or weather, atmosphere and most important of all, the soil of that region.

It is usually grown in hill stations with adequate amount of rainfall and such places which are high above sea level. Therefore in India, Karnataka is such a place, especially South Karnataka which produces the highest amount of coffee in whole India. Most parts of Karnataka such as Chikmagalur district and many parts in Hassan District, and also Coorg.

So people here feel proud to be citizen of such place where coffee takes its birth. So that being the main reason, I have concentrated on a organization which has its roots spread very vast in coffee industry and is a major player in worlds import/export of coffee and deals in coffee beans curing activities present in Hassan.

Having its head office in Hassan and spreads over all parts of India, it is the one of the biggest organization in the coffee industry. ABCTCL was stated in the 1991 year and owned by Mr. B.G Siddarth. Registered office of ABCTCL is in Chikmagalur and has its own coffee growing estate which spreads in a area more than 5000 acres in Chikmagalur district.

Amalgamated Bean Coffee Trading Company Limited is perhaps one of the two fully integrated coffee companies of Asia, involved in all sectors of Coffee from plantations to retailing to exports.

Amalgamated Bean Coffee Trading Company, better known as "ABC", is one of the largest exporters of green coffee from India since 1999. ABC's business mission has its roots in coffee knowledge. This culminates into an incessant effort to adapt to dynamics of the coffee market resulting onto a leadership role. ABC has invested well into a Research and development on coffee quality that supports our domestic promotion of various blends of coffee and augments our export activities.

However, the corporate office of ABCTCL is situated in Bangalore which manages all the activities of ABCTCL all over India.

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A Study on Sugar Industry at Chamundeshwari Sugar

The discovery of sugarcane from which sugar was produced had been known since thousands of years. It is thought to have originated in New Guinea, and was spread along routes to Southeast Asia and India. The process known for creation of sugar, by pressing out the juice and then boiling it into crystals, was developed in India around 500 BC.

Its cultivation was not introduced into Europe until the middle-ages, when it was brought to Spain by Arabs to thrive in a most favorable climate.

It was not until the eighteen century that sugarcane cultivation was began in the United States, where it was planted in the southern climate of New Orleans. The very first refinery was built in New York City around 1960; the industry was established by him 1830s. Earlier attempts to create a successful industry in the U.S. did not fare well; from the last 1830s, when the first factory was built. Until 1872, sugar factories closed down almost as quickly as they had opened. It was 1872 before, built in California, and was finally able to successfully produce sugar in a profitable manner. At the end of that century, more than thirty factories were in operation in the U.S.

Indian sugar industry is going through a rough weather on account of decline in international / domestic market prices for sugar, higher cost of production, high carry over of stocks, higher cane price fixed by some state government through the SAP(state advised price) than the SMP (statutory minimum price) announced by the government of India have initiated certain measures such as rationalization of sugar cane prices, operationalisation of futures /forward trading etc., aiming to complete decontrol of sugar industry. Export incentives like inland transport subsidy up to port for export of sugar are also offered. To tide over surplus stocks of sugar, the government of India have approved three exchanges for futures /forward trading in sugar viz. e-commodities Ltd., Mumbai; NCS InfoTech Ltd.

Sugar is most important agro based industry of India and it has marked place in the country’s economy the reforms the liberalization policies of government of India are fast taking place and changing the industry scene in the country in the country. However it appears that the winds of liberalization and deregulation with are blowing presently through other industrial sectors has bypassed the sugar industry.

More over Indian sugar industry have spread over mainly in rural areas, as such major share of benefits should flow towards rural population. Besides present position of the industries shake less the policy of supporting farming economy by increasing sugar cane prices will ultimately raise the sugar crop. So emphasis has to be towards cane development both by Yield and quality. So at this junction it would be appropriate to consider, if no full liberalization at least partial by eliminating some of the undesirable constraints which would help industry in the changing environment when India needs to increase its foreign earnings, in the world market.

India has been known as the original of sugar and sugarcane. Indian mythology support the above fact as it contains some legends showing the origin of sugarcane, the growth of the sugar industry is full of tales of adventure and conquest.

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Technical Analysis on Selected Stocks

Prices of securities in the stock market fluctuate daily on account of continuous buying and selling. Stock prices move in trends and cycles and are never stable. An investor in the stock market is interested in buying securities at a low price and selling them at a high price so as to get a good return on his investment.

Technical Analysis is a method of evaluating securities by analyzing the statistics generated by market activity, such as fast prices and volume. Technical analysis does not give the intrinsic value of a security, but instead it includes charts and other tools to identify patterns that can suggest future activity. The rationale behind the technical analysis is that the share price behavior repeats itself over time and analysts attempt to derive methods to predict this repetition.

A technical analyst looks at the past share price data to see if he can establish any patterns. He then looks at the current price data to see if any of the established patterns are applicable and if so, extrapolations can be made to predict the future price movements. Although past share prices are the major data used by technical analysts, other statistics such as volume of trading and stock market indices are also utilized to some extent.

Technical analysis studies supply and demand in a market in an attempt to determine what direction or trend will continue in the future. In other words, technical analysis attempts to understand the emotions in the market by studying the market itself as opposed to its components.

Technical Analysis is important to form a view on the likely trend of the overall market, and it is helpful to have some idea of how to go about selecting individual stocks. Naturally, all investors would like their investments to appreciate rapidly in price, but stocks, which may satisfy this wish, tend to accompanied by a substantially greater amount of risk then many investors are normally willing to accept. However, it is important to understand that investors can be very conscious when it comes to stock ownership.

Technical analysis is the use of numerical series generated by market activity, such as price and volume, to predict future price trends. The techniques applied to any market with a comprehensive price history. Primarily, but not exclusively, technical analysis is conducted by studying charts of past price movement. Many different methods and tools are used in technical analysis, but they all rely on the assumption that price patterns and trends exist in markets, and that they can be identified and exploited.

Technical analysis or charting is considered to be as a supplement to Fundamental Analysis of securities. As an approach to investment analysis technical analysis is radically different from fundamental analysis. While the fundamental analysts believe that the market is 90% logical and 10% psychological, the technical analysis assumes that its 90% psychological and 10% logical. Technical analysis can be applied to any market with a comprehensive price history.

The premises of technical analysis were derived from empirical observations of financial markets over hundreds of years. Perhaps the oldest branch of technical analysis is the use of candlestick techniques by Japanese traders at least as early as the 18th century, and still very popular today.

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Study on Inventory Management at Reid & Taylor (India) Ltd

Inventory is a list of goods and materials, or those goods and materials themselves, held available in stock by a business.

Inventory management is primarily about specifying the size and placement of stocked goods. Inventory management is required at different locations within a facility or within multiple locations of a supply network to protect the regular and planned course of production against the random disturbance of running out of materials or goods. The scope of inventory management also concerns the fine lines between replenishment lead time, carrying costs of inventory, asset management, inventory forecasting, inventory valuation, inventory visibility, future inventory price forecasting, physical inventory, available physical space for inventory, quality management, replenishment, returns and defective goods and demand forecasting.

Management of the inventories, with the primary objective of determining, controlling stock levels within the physical distribution function to balance the need for product availability against the need for minimizing stock holding and handling costs.

The objectives of materials management are primarily focused at achieving efficiency in sales and production by minimizing the investment in inventory without sacrificing quality and continuity of supply of materials obtained at lowest possible price.

Inventory management is a sub-system of an organisation which in turn has a number of sub-systems. The inter related nature of inventory management function and other organizational functions such as finance function, production function, maintenance function etc. will have to be well appreciated. While defining the inventory management function, the objective was stated as one of providing the pre-determined service to customers at a minimum total cost.

Inventory management is a very simple concept - don't have too much stock and don't have too little. Since there can be substantial costs involved in straying above and below the optimal range, careful inventory management can make a huge difference in the profitability of a business. Although the concept is simple, the process of getting the right balance can be quite a complex and time consuming task without the right technology.

Inventory Management is very important for Reid and Taylor. It enables the business to meet or exceed expectations of the customer by making the product readily available.

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Study on Working Capital Management at PNB

The prime objective of any business is to maximize the value of the company and to maximize the wealth of its shareholders. Working capital management has its own role to play in attaining this goal. Working capital is the funds required for day to day working in a business concern. The working capital management involves deciding upon the amount and composition of current assets and how to finance those assets. There should be a proper trade off between risk and profitability in each decision relating to it.

This project work has been undertaken to know the procedures involved in the working capital management in PUNJAB NATIONAL BANK. An attempt is made to study the factors contributing towards working capital and the sources on which the company is depending for funds. The research study was also conducted to derive working capital ratios, to know the performance and efficiency of working capital management and to know the kind of policy adopted in this part of the management. For analyzing the factors and conditions influencing working capital tables and graphs were drawn based on the study.

Based on this study the major findings are that from the overall finance point view, company is not performing well. Some of the symptoms may be great deal of time is taken in managing current assets and liabilities, arranging short-term financing, negotiating favorable credit terms, controlling movement of cash, receivables, inventory etc. It is also been found that important financial ratios like all the liquidity position, current ratio, working capital ratio comparatively below the industry standards and are causing concern.

This research study indicates that in order to improve the over all performance of PNB the management must take all possible steps, review and modify various policies, cash budgets and inventory status by using sound information management system to enable management to have a close control over the various operations.

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy. The failures of the banking sector may have an adverse impact on other sectors. The skill for working capital is some what unique and novel, through the goals are to make an efficient use of funds for minimizing the risk of loss to attain project objective. It involves deciding upon the amount and composition of current assets and how to finance these assets. Working capital management is not a simple one.

It enables an enterprise to start and conduct its operations. Working capital requirements is estimate under optimistic assumptions, but what the expectations come true, the firm may be confronted with a difficult situation. The optimum working capital investment to be determined by decision on the level of capacity utilization. We have human and natural resources in abundance but our

capital resources are limited and arresting the pace of development, storage of funds for working capital has caused many business to fail and in many cases has restarted their growth. Working capital which is concerned with short term financial decision, have been relatively neglected in the literature of finance. From the banker’s point of view, it is working capital gap (total current assets minus total current liabilities excluding bank borrowing). This is actually needed by a borrower for working capital. It is the successful play with finance traders that generally decides the fortune of any business enterprise.

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Study on Performance Evaluation of Financial Position

Performance evaluation of financial position is very much important to know the wealth and efficiency of the company. Its purpose is to convey the financial aspects of the firm. Evaluation is done through financial statements which includes income statement, balance statement, cash flow statement, fund flow statement.

The various techniques are used to evaluate the performance of financial position. Financial statements are indicators of the segments factors:

1. Profitability
2. Financial soundness

Performance evaluation of financial position, therefore, refers to such a treatment of the information contained in the Income Statements and the Balance Sheet so as to afford full diagnosis of the profitability and financial soundness of the business.

According to the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants , financial statements reflect “A combination of recorded facts , accounting conventions and personal judgments and the judgments and conventions applied affect them materially .“ This implies that data exhibited in the financial statements are affected by recorded facts, accounting conventions and personal judgments.

The Balance sheet shows the financial condition of the business at a particular moment of time while the Income Statements discloses the rules of operation of business over a period of time. However for a better understanding of affairs of the business, it is essential to identify the movement of working capital or cash in and out of the business. This information is available in the statement of changes in financial position of the business. The statements may emphasize any of the following aspects relating to change in financial position of the business.

Performance evaluation of financial position is very much important to know the wealth and efficiency of the company. Its purpose is to convey the financial aspects of the firm. Evaluation is done through financial statements which includes income statement, balance statement, cash flow statement, fund flow statement.

A financial statement is an organized collection of data according to logical and consistent according procedures. Its purpose is to convey an understanding of financial aspects of a business firm. It may show a position at a moment of time as in the case of a balance sheet, or may reveal a series of activities over a given period of time, as in the case of income statement.

The Income statement (also termed as Profit and Loss Account)is generally considered to be the most useful of all financial statements. It explains what has happened to a business as a result of operation between two balance sheet dates .for this purpose it matches the revenues and cost incurred in the process of earning revenues and shows the net profit earned or a loss suffered during a particular period.

It is a statement of financial position of a business at a specified moment of time . it represents all assets owned by the business at a particular moment of time and the claims (or equities )of the owners and outsiders against those assets at that time. It is in a way snapshot of the financial condition of the business at the time.

The term retained earning means the accumulated excess of earning over losses and dividends the balance shown by the income statement is transferred to the balance sheet through this statement, after making necessary appropriations. It is , thus , a connecting link between the balance sheet and the income statement. It is fundamentally a display of things that have caused the beginning-of-the-period retained earning balance to be changed into the one shown in the end-of-the-period retained earnings in the balance sheet. The statement is also termed as profit and loss appropriation account in case of companies.

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Study on Mutual Fund is the Better Investment Plan

In the current economic scenario interest rates are falling and fluctuation I the share market have put investors in confusion. One finds it difficult to take decision on investment. This is primarily, because of investments are risky in nature and investors have to consider various factors before investing in investment avenues.

Over the past decades mutual funds have grown intensely in popularity and have experienced a Considerable growth rate. Mutual funds are popular because they make it easy for small investors to invest their money in a diversified pool of securities. As the mutual fund industry has evolved over the years, there have arisen many questions about the nature of operations and characteristics of these funds.

Mutual funds are considered as one of the best available investments as compare to others they are very cost efficient and also easy to invest in, thus by pooling money together in a mutual fund, investors can purchase stocks or bonds with much lower trading costs than if they tried to do it on their own. But the biggest advantage to mutual funds is diversification, by minimizing risk & maximizing returns.

The study will guide the new investor who wants to invest in equity and mutual fund schemes by providing knowledge about how to measure the risk and return of particular scrip or mutual fund scheme. Mutual fund industry today is one of the most preferred investment avenues in India. Like all investment, they also carry certain risks. The investors compare the risks & expected fields after adjustment to tax on various instrument while taking investments decision.

Stock markets have been one of the major avenues for investing. Investors have been focusing their attention mostly on large capitalization stocks. They used to invest most of their money only in large capitalization stocks. But, lately it has been observed that few medium capitalization stocks have been giving returns better than large capitalization stocks.

Portfolio manager evaluates his portfolio performance and identifies the source of strength and weakness. The evaluation of portfolio provides a feed back about the performance to evolve better management strategy. Even though evaluation of portfolio performance is considered to be the last stage of investment process, it is a continuous process. The managed portfolios are commonly known as mutual funds. Various managed portfolio are prevalent in the capital market. Each shareholder participates in the gain or loss of the fund. Units are issued and can be redeemed as needed. The fund’s Net Asset value (NAV) is determined each day.

Investments in securities are spread across a wide cross-section of industries and sectors and thus the risk is reduced. Diversification reduces the risk because all stocks may not move in the same direction in the same proportion at the same time. Mutual fund issues units to the investors in accordance with quantum of money invested by them. Investors of mutual funds are known as unit holders.

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Study on Store Environment and Merchandising Mix at Big Bazaar

Retailing consists of these business activities concerned within the sale of products and services to shoppers for his or her personal, family, or home use. selling contains of 4 parts client orientation, coordinated effort, value-driven, and goal orientation.

The word "Retail" originates from a French-Italian word. Retailer-someone UN agency cuts off or sheds atiny low piece from one thing. selling is that the set of activities that markets product or services to final shoppers for his or her own personal or home use. It will this by organizing their accessibility on a comparatively massive scale and provision them to customers on a comparatively little scale. merchant could be a Person or Agent or Agency or Company or Organization UN agency is instrumental in reaching the products or Merchandise or Services to the tip User or final client.

The topic “store setting and mercantilism mix” gift in any sales outlet greatly influences the client satisfaction level and also the client perception towards that store. mercantilism is one among the recent issue in todays retail competition world that is incredibly necessary for all the sales outlet to follow that.
This study was done to understand that, do clients area unit extremely glad with the mercantilism combine gift within the massive bazaar and conjointly to search out out however the shop envirnoment influences the looking behaviour of the customer and to understand that section within the massive bazaar have smart mercantilism combine and to understand however the shop setting will be improved.

To study of the shop setting and mercantilism combine in massive bazaar super center, to see the satisfaction level of the shoppers regarding the shop setting and analyze the mercantilism combine to influence on the customer satisfaction level, and to boost the shop setting to extend the sales and to draw in the shoppers, this study helps to boost the setting of the shop to succeed in the client satisfaction level” and improve the mercantilism in massive bazaar super center.

Customer is one whom you satisfy a wish or want reciprocally for a few of payment. The payment could also be cash, time or could also be goodwill however there's bound style of payment. Satisfaction level of someone is felt by comparison product perceived in respect to the person’s expectations.

Satisfaction level is that the operate of the distinction between perceived performance and expectations. If the performance falls wanting expectations, the client won't be glad. If the performance matches the expectations the customer’s area unit extremely glad. If the performance is on the far side his expectations the client is happy or excited.

Customer satisfaction is customer’s positive or negative feeling regarding the worth that was perceived as a results of victimization specific organization’s giving in specific used reaction to a series of use scenario expertise. consistent with peter F. Ducker, the aim of business is to form then retain a glad client. A society supports business as a result of they serve its member’s by business to their desires and leave them glad. If the business discontented  its customer’s and not solely these customers stop availing service , however society at massive can condemn the firm and will even penalize it to the purpose of its extinction.

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Study on Effectiveness of Inventory Control System

The problem of competition is increasing in world market place. it's forced the companies to contemplate ways in which of up the internal control system. Severe competition makes it necessary to ceaselessly introduce new product and new styles of product.
Now every day each company can face the competition, attributable to that each company maintains a versatile inventory system. It can rely on however the corporate will reply to the quick dynamical market wants, client expectation and technological advancement. the corporate can specialize in enhancements on the subsequent measures: -

• The Inventory Level and work-in-progress
• Quality of the merchandise and technological advancement
• Flexibility and responsiveness of the assembly method

To meet the increased  demand of the merchandise, it's necessary to extend the capability of existing construction facility. The necessity of effective inventory management is being progressively complete in industrial and non-industrial organization each in Asian nation and abroad. This realization has ensue attributable to increasing quality of the task of managers and directors. In most organization, the matter of effective internal control is currently viewed because the most crucial problem with changes in social climate. whereas these are often nice assets to the organizations, they become issues if the organization isn't able to manage inventory properly.

Liquidity and profitable area unit the 2 important aspects of company business. Any business cannot run while not these 2. A firm might run while not profits for sometime; however with no liquidity, the firm cannot run their business. that's why management of inventory is associate degree integral a part of company coming up with in calling.

The proper internal control system ends up in associate degree optimum utilization of resources. Idle materials area unit of a monetary burden to the organization. so correct, inventory management directly assists in economical functioning of the corporate. S.L. Goel says “take care of the forest, the tree can watch out of itself”, it ought to be the most shibboleth of a list controller.

In inventory management, varied ways and techniques are often adopted to regulate the inventory like, prompt maintenance of registrars, correct material arrangement, and fixation of varied management levels and application of internal control techniques and bin card system etc, that area unit relevant for internal control in stores department.

Inventory management can facilitate a company in handling the provision of the raw materials and different activity so as to attain the most co-ordination and optimum expenditure on materials to extend the profits of the firm. CLA's inventory management|internal control system is chosen for the study; by the investigator is not any expectation see able of growing significance of the economical control of inventories. Hence, the research worker was prompted to require up this subject.

The problem hand-picked to the analysis is “to study the effectiveness of internal control system” at Capital Land Assets Pvt Ltd., The effectiveness of the prevailed inventory system is analyzing at the same time.

The variation of the costs of raw materials are analyzing with their effects on the operating of the unit.

The literary that means of the word “Inventory” is stock of products. each enterprise wants inventory for swish running of its activities. It is a link between production and distribution method. The unforeseen fluctuation in demand and provide of products additionally necessitates the necessity for inventory. It additionally provides a cushion for future worth fluctuations.

The purpose of inventory management is to make sure convenience of materials in comfortable quality and amount as and once needed and additionally to attenuate investment in inventories. so it's terribly essential to possess correct management and management of inventory.

Inventories play a significant role operating of real estate‟s trade. The inventory ensures operational smoothness. In most the organizations the substantial a part of capital is invested with in inventories. Inventory refers to stock of product a firm that's purchasable and additionally the parts that conjure the merchandise.

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Study on Initial Public Offers and Due Diligence

This report, because the Title “Initial Public Offers and Due Diligence: The Role of a Investment Banker”, is a trial to evoke the importance of the method of Due Diligence and therefore the significance of the important role contend by the factor in managing the difficulty of associate degree Initial Public provide (IPO).

When an organization problems associate degree initial public offering, it suggests that it's going public. the difficulty of associate degree initial public offering introduces a good degree of transparency in a very Company‟s operations.

All the relevant associate degrees updated info referring to the corporate is arranged  down before the investors so they will create an investment call. Again, there area unit set procedures, rules, rules and laws to be followed in egg laying down this info before the investors. A document referred to as the Prospectus‟ should be ready. The Prospectus captures all the mandatory info that's to be created obtainable to the investors. excluding the Prospectus, there area unit varied alternative company documents that require to be verified and summarized so as to gift them before the investors. An factor is appointed for the aim of managing the difficulty of associate degree initial public offering of an organization. The factor plays a fiduciary role by coordinating  the activities of the corporate, the restrictive Bodies, and therefore the Investors. The factor has responsibilities towards the

• Company, to manage the whole method of issue of its initial public offering, and to gift the Company's info before the investors in a very brief and unambiguous kind.
• Investors, to administer all of them the relevant and updated info on the corporate, whereas at a similar time protective their interests.
• Regulatory Bodies like the Securities and Exchange Board of Bharat, to stick to all or any helper and legal compliance.

In order to meet all his responsibilities well, the factor should work diligently. the method through that he verifies and summarizes the Company‟s info is so referred to as the method of Due Diligence. He should issue Due Diligence Certificates at varied points throughout the difficulty method, language that the corporate documents have all been verified and area unit correct. This report can take the reader through the whole method of the difficulty of associate degree initial public offering and can lay special stress on the dynamic role contend by the factor

The decision by an organization to travel public could be a essential one because it leads to the dilution of possession stake and therefore the diffusion of company management. during this respect, associate degree Initial Public provide (IPO) is that the initial public provide of securities by an organization since its beginning. The factor acts as associate degree mediator between the provision company and therefore the final investors UN agency purchase these securities.

Managing associate degree initial public offering involves variety of mechanical and intellectual efforts that require to be applied in activities like channeling the money surplus of the society into productive investment avenues, sweat Due Diligence to confirm the adequacy and appropriateness of the disclosures created within the Prospectus, and guiding and coordinating  the opposite intermediaries related to the difficulty. The project can address all the on top of activities concerned within the management of IPOs to evoke the importance of the dynamic role contend by the factor during this sphere.

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Influence of ADR on Underlying Stock Prices

Globalization has opened the door for the investors to avail numerous investment avenues across the world. yankee installation Receipt (ADR) is one such chance to the finance community. The ADR could be a proxy for the Indian shares to alter them to be listed within the yankee stock exchanges. numerous studies conducted on installation Receipts (DRs) have shown that the mercantilism on the DR sin the foreign market has its influence within the home country’s stock in terms of worth, volatility and volume. This interested Pine Tree State and this project thinks about learning “Whether the value fluctuations of ADR have an effect on the corresponding Indian share prices?”.


After the relaxation of the economy in 1991, the corporatist started sourcing their capital from each domestic and foreign markets. The Indian shares can not be directly listed within the yankee stock exchanges. ADRs are terribly useful during this purpose. thus a shielder bank receives the shares as deposit and problems receipt to the market. These receipts square measure issued in applicable quantitative relation to the shares deposited with the installation. The market players within the stock exchanges trade these receipts.

Though the shares square measure listed in numerous markets, they need the common basic factors like company’s performance, management of the corporate and also the money structure of the corporate that influence the share costs. At an equivalent time there square measure few factors that don't seem to be same for 2 markets. These square measure economic process like interest rates, inflation, and overall performance of the economy. owing to this a distinction in worth is found between the ADRs and also the corresponding share within the home country.

The Sampling style constitutes the blueprint for the gathering, measuring and analysis of knowledge. It aids the mortal within the allocation of his restricted resources by sitting crucial decisions. analysis style is that the arrange and structure of investigation thus formed on get answers to analysis queries. The arrange is that the overall theme or program of the analysis. It includes what the investigator can do from writing hypotheses and their operational implications to the ultimate analysis of knowledge.
The design could be a arrange for choosing the sources and kinds of data accustomed answer the analysis question. it's a framework for specifying the relationships among the study’s variables. it's a blueprint that outlines every procedure from the hypotheses to the analysis of knowledge.

The literature review section examines recent analysis studies, company knowledge, or trade reports that act as a bass for the projected study. connected literature and secondary knowledge provides comprehensive perspective. Earlier references are going to be useful if the matter features a historical background. invariably the literature survey reference ought to be to the initial supply. The literature applies to the study you're proposing. The literature review may additionally justify the requirement for the projected work to appraise the shortcomings and informational gaps in secondary knowledge sources.

The first step during a analysis could be a search of the secondary literature. Studies created by others for his or her own functions represent secondary knowledge. inside secondary knowledge exploration, a man of science ought to begin 1st with associate organization’s own knowledge archives. Reports of previous analysis studies usually reveal an intensive quantity of historical knowledge or decision-making patterns.

By reviewing previous studies, you'll determine methodologies that tried winning and unsuccessful. The supply of secondary knowledge is printed documents ready by authors outside the sponsor organization. a look of secondary sources provides a superb background and can provide several sensible leads if one is inventive.

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Impact of ERP on Organizational Functions in Retail Sector

The business atmosphere has modified additional within the last 5 years than it did within the previous 5 decades. Winning in today’s business climate needs over simply providing high-quality, low-priced product to customers, once and the way the purchasers need them. the power to reply to new client wants and seize market opportunities as they arise, while not compromising on the profitableness of the firm is vital for the success of any organization.

Competitive pressures oftentimes force makers to decrease costs in spite of the very fact that their internal prices still rise. Enterprises area unit unendingly pains to enhance themselves within the areas of quality, time to plug, client satisfaction, performance and profitableness. creating wise business choices during this manner would alter organizations to accomplish their business growth and at a similar time alter them to utilize the knowledge to competitive advantage. to form it attainable for the businesses to execute this vision, there's a necessity for associate infrastructure that may give data across all functions and locations within the organization and this can be the Enterprise Resource coming up with (ERP) answer obtainable within the market these days.

This analysis is an endeavor to check the impact of ERP on the structure processes within the retail sector. The study aims to seek out the strategic blessings that the corporate has gained due the implementation of ERP package. The study conjointly shows the performance level in numerous purposeful areas of the organization attributable to implementation of ERP package. The study conjointly helps organizations establish the potential users for his or her ERP implementation and the way they might more leverage the implementation to attain higher returns on investments.

Beginning within the Eighties, ERP became one in every of the foremost vital events of the Nineties. Over eightieth of worldwide Fortune one thousand firms have put in ERP systems. additional and additional firms ‘turbo-charged’ their business to run at unsafe speed on a transactional backbone referred to as Enterprise Resource coming up with (ERP) system. So, what's ERP? ERP isn't one system, however a framework that features body applications (finance, accounting), producing resources coming up with applications (sales, procurance, production, planning), and human resources applications (payroll, benefits).ERP unites major business processes – order process, account book, and production at intervals one family of computer code modules. ERP is that the backbone of e-business. ERP supports daily business activities, which offer knowledge to everybody within the company, from workplace engineers to the chief suite, for creating choices and taking actions quicker, and additional intelligent.

Market leaders embraced ERP so as to realize operational efficiencies, however the method isn't painless. bear in mind that ERP provides a business foundation. choosing and putting in a brand new ERP answer is one in every of the foremost necessary and costliest endeavors a corporation can ever undertake. It’s conjointly the one business initiative possibly to travel wrong. Technology itself isn’t the sole challenge in managing transformation. Adopting ERP considerably affects a company’s design, processes, individuals and procedures. in concert manage recently said: “ERP isn't a mere systems modification. you're dynamic  the manner individuals have done their jobs for the past twenty years”.

Not all ERP systems area unit created equal. choosing the correct technology and answer supplier is that the key to success. Anyone will promise, however few will really deliver. Deloitte & Touche conducted a study of one,500 firms, all of that had to switch systems purchased at intervals the previous twenty four months. Here area unit the highest 10 getting criteria for choosing software: As firms gained additional expertise and data of ERP systems, they refocused on vendors World Health Organization have a verified log and might build systems work instead of at first providing low costs. it's clearly an upscale lesson learned in a very arduous manner.

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The Impact of Creativity and Wow Factor in Advertising

The approach employed in this report may be a case study approach. It basically deals with 2 aspects; creative thinking and WOW issue. These 2 terms are outlined and therefore the impact they need in advertising has been studied. The objectives of doing such a study were to know creative thinking, to outline it and to search out factors that elicit a WOW response from viewers.

Primary supply of knowledge includes of interaction with individuals from advertising agencies with an inexpensive quantity of expertise. a major a part of the desired info has been collected from this supply. Data collected through the secondary supply includes the theoretical aspects of advertising and creative thinking further as quotations from varied advertising men.

The case studies were rigorously hand picked once innumerous discussions with professionals from the advertising fraternity. The cases are documented, analyzed and ‘lessons to be learnt’ are listed. CREATIVITY is maybe the one word that assumes nice importance in any enterprise. More so, within the advertising trade.

Let's examine it closely. Tonnes are written on its important importance. 100 seminars and workshops have not bored with stressing however it's the cornerstone of the trade. I don't suppose anyone queries its importance. creative thinking is de facto one thing that everybody accepts as very important. Then why is it that there's therefore very little of it evident in our work?

Let us step back and question why I dare say there's therefore little evident in our work. however do i assess or choose creativity? Well, i think here is wherever the whole drawback begins. there's no real yardstick by that creative thinking will be exactly measured. How do jury panels choose creativity? terribly straightforward. They specify "impact" and "relevance" as 2 parameters or judge creative thinking.

Having same this you then slip into AN ethereal world wherever advertising associations area unit secured in AN never-ending battle to outline UN agency will truly choose creative thinking. "Obviously, solely artistic individuals ought to be referred to as upon to guage creative thinking," says one huge lobby. "No, decision in people who measure creative thinking as a vicinity of their profession," says another faculty of thought.

Shorn of its niceties, the primary faculty of thought lays out a case wherever creators of creative thinking area unit the simplest judges of it. The second faculty advocates the inclusion of selling folks that in any case choose the creative thinking of agencies on a daily basis within the globe and judge what truly goes resolute the final word client.

Having seen each colleges of thought prevail at completely different periods of your time, i'm qualified to touch upon what goes on within the differing eventualities.

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Impact of Advertisements on Investors at HDFC Standard Life Insurance

This project is managing study on “Impact of advertisement on Investors – A case study in HDFC Standard Life Insurance” The scope of study is regarding the advertisements and therefore the presence of HDFC SLIC with relation to in door advertisements and their advertisements & their effectiveness & out door advertisements, however the folks wish to watch them. to understand the notice within the public like better to watch the ads and medium.

With an enormous cut throat competition in insurance there's a necessity for every company to understand its market share beside numerous side poignant the market share to come back out of the competition because the leader. One has got to have data regarding their product which of the competition and this info has got to be up dated ofttimes as changes square measure quick in data society. The twenty first century the brands square measure less rely on attributes and a lot of rely on awareness, life vogue the associated target customers. the speed of acceleration are therefore high that {increasingly|progressively|more and a lot of} the past can no more be the indicator of the longer term. the main focus of sale can shift worth to Company’s promotions.

Life Insurance is “contract wherever by for a stipulated premium, the insuring company agrees to pay the insured, or his beneficiary, a set total or its equivalent in financial gain upon the happening of death or another such as event.”

The first Indian life assurance company was the oriental life assurance Company, that was started In Bharat in 1818 at Kolkata. variety of players (over 250 in life and regarding a hundred in non-life) principally with regional focus flourished all across the country. but the govt. of Bharat, involved by the unethical standards adopted by some players against the customers, nationalized the business in 2 phases in 1956(life) and in 1972 (non-life).

The Insurance business of the country was then brought beneath two public sector corporations, life assurance Corporation of {india|India|Republic of Bharat|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} (LIC) and General Corporation of India (GIC).Reforms were initiated with the passage of Insurance restrictive and Development Authority Bill 1999. IRDA was setup as associate degree freelance regulatory agency, that has place in situ regulation in line with world norms. up to now within the personal sector, twelve life assurance corporations and nine general insurance corporations are registered.

HDFC customary life assurance Company could be a joint agreement between two corporations. customary Life is one among the leading insurance corporations within the world. it absolutely was incorporated in fourteenth. August 2000.

The scope of study is regarding the advertisements and therefore the presence of HDFC SLIC with relation to in door advertisements and their advertisements & their effectiveness & out door advertisements, however the folks wish to watch them. to understand the notice within the public like better to watch the ads and medium. A method of finding an answer to a haul or a matter through the utilization of scientific tools & techniques. it's a organized & purposeful study conducted for gift study on. Impact of advertisement on investors, Therefore, marketing research that may be adopted to gather knowledge in associate degree organized manner, with later recording & analyzing of such knowledge that may facilitate to create effective call method.

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Impact of Advertising on Customers in Tata Motors

Advertising is that the dissemination of data regarding a thought, service or a product to compel action in accordance with the intent of the publicist. it's any paid variety of nonpersonnel presentation of concepts, product or service by associate degree known sponsor.

The role of advertising within the promotional set up of a corporation is extremely important. Advertising, whether or not it's on a national, native or direct basis is vital because it will inform, prompt or persuade established or potential customers of the existence of a product or organization, developing a picture through advertising quantity to giving a whole a definite identity or temperament.

A research study on “Impact of advertising on customers in Tata Motors MATRIX” HASSAN was geared toward analyzing the effectiveness of advert.

The survey was conducted at HASSAN through a form for client WHO uses TATA cars. The client were interviewed on the assorted facet like specific programs followed, their awareness regarding advert, their impression regarding the advert, the newspapers etc. the perception with regard to varied attributes like price, range, style/design, value of spares, accessibility of spares, service, whole names, film stars role in advert, and simple purchase were additionally enclosed within the form.

The study additionally created an attempt to know what makes a commercial in style, whether or not it's pictuarization, music, models or humor.

Consumers ar progressively exposed with advertising campaigns during which they're usually confronted with idealised representations of the planet (e.g., idealised things, enticing models). an outsized quantity of studies has shown that advertising presenting idealised pictures will have robust effects on shopper satisfaction and welfare. However, obtained results weren't per one another. Some studies found that advertising had associate degree increasing impact on shopper satisfaction; alternative studies found that advertising had a negative impact and LED to shopper discontentedness. No analysis has ever tried to resolve why conflicting results were obtained during this space of analysis. Moreover, there exists no living shopper behavior model on the results of advertising on shopper satisfaction.

Consumers extremely play a very important and an important role within the success of any advert. Any advert is claimed to be a booming one once customers are drawn to a specific advertising. Advertisements are created by keeping the shopper‟s perspective within the mind so it will attractiveness the correct consumer that the corporate has to target for his or her product. individuals just like the advertisements that attractiveness them or through that they will connect or relate themselves. a number of the emotional advertisements additionally extremely work on customers because the customers feel that somebody like them is additionally victimization that product.

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