Study on Store Environment and Merchandising Mix at Big Bazaar

Retailing consists of these business activities concerned within the sale of products and services to shoppers for his or her personal, family, or home use. selling contains of 4 parts client orientation, coordinated effort, value-driven, and goal orientation.

The word "Retail" originates from a French-Italian word. Retailer-someone UN agency cuts off or sheds atiny low piece from one thing. selling is that the set of activities that markets product or services to final shoppers for his or her own personal or home use. It will this by organizing their accessibility on a comparatively massive scale and provision them to customers on a comparatively little scale. merchant could be a Person or Agent or Agency or Company or Organization UN agency is instrumental in reaching the products or Merchandise or Services to the tip User or final client.

The topic “store setting and mercantilism mix” gift in any sales outlet greatly influences the client satisfaction level and also the client perception towards that store. mercantilism is one among the recent issue in todays retail competition world that is incredibly necessary for all the sales outlet to follow that.
This study was done to understand that, do clients area unit extremely glad with the mercantilism combine gift within the massive bazaar and conjointly to search out out however the shop envirnoment influences the looking behaviour of the customer and to understand that section within the massive bazaar have smart mercantilism combine and to understand however the shop setting will be improved.

To study of the shop setting and mercantilism combine in massive bazaar super center, to see the satisfaction level of the shoppers regarding the shop setting and analyze the mercantilism combine to influence on the customer satisfaction level, and to boost the shop setting to extend the sales and to draw in the shoppers, this study helps to boost the setting of the shop to succeed in the client satisfaction level” and improve the mercantilism in massive bazaar super center.

Customer is one whom you satisfy a wish or want reciprocally for a few of payment. The payment could also be cash, time or could also be goodwill however there's bound style of payment. Satisfaction level of someone is felt by comparison product perceived in respect to the person’s expectations.

Satisfaction level is that the operate of the distinction between perceived performance and expectations. If the performance falls wanting expectations, the client won't be glad. If the performance matches the expectations the customer’s area unit extremely glad. If the performance is on the far side his expectations the client is happy or excited.

Customer satisfaction is customer’s positive or negative feeling regarding the worth that was perceived as a results of victimization specific organization’s giving in specific used reaction to a series of use scenario expertise. consistent with peter F. Ducker, the aim of business is to form then retain a glad client. A society supports business as a result of they serve its member’s by business to their desires and leave them glad. If the business discontented  its customer’s and not solely these customers stop availing service , however society at massive can condemn the firm and will even penalize it to the purpose of its extinction.

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Study on Effectiveness of Inventory Control System

The problem of competition is increasing in world market place. it's forced the companies to contemplate ways in which of up the internal control system. Severe competition makes it necessary to ceaselessly introduce new product and new styles of product.
Now every day each company can face the competition, attributable to that each company maintains a versatile inventory system. It can rely on however the corporate will reply to the quick dynamical market wants, client expectation and technological advancement. the corporate can specialize in enhancements on the subsequent measures: -

• The Inventory Level and work-in-progress
• Quality of the merchandise and technological advancement
• Flexibility and responsiveness of the assembly method

To meet the increased  demand of the merchandise, it's necessary to extend the capability of existing construction facility. The necessity of effective inventory management is being progressively complete in industrial and non-industrial organization each in Asian nation and abroad. This realization has ensue attributable to increasing quality of the task of managers and directors. In most organization, the matter of effective internal control is currently viewed because the most crucial problem with changes in social climate. whereas these are often nice assets to the organizations, they become issues if the organization isn't able to manage inventory properly.

Liquidity and profitable area unit the 2 important aspects of company business. Any business cannot run while not these 2. A firm might run while not profits for sometime; however with no liquidity, the firm cannot run their business. that's why management of inventory is associate degree integral a part of company coming up with in calling.

The proper internal control system ends up in associate degree optimum utilization of resources. Idle materials area unit of a monetary burden to the organization. so correct, inventory management directly assists in economical functioning of the corporate. S.L. Goel says “take care of the forest, the tree can watch out of itself”, it ought to be the most shibboleth of a list controller.

In inventory management, varied ways and techniques are often adopted to regulate the inventory like, prompt maintenance of registrars, correct material arrangement, and fixation of varied management levels and application of internal control techniques and bin card system etc, that area unit relevant for internal control in stores department.

Inventory management can facilitate a company in handling the provision of the raw materials and different activity so as to attain the most co-ordination and optimum expenditure on materials to extend the profits of the firm. CLA's inventory management|internal control system is chosen for the study; by the investigator is not any expectation see able of growing significance of the economical control of inventories. Hence, the research worker was prompted to require up this subject.

The problem hand-picked to the analysis is “to study the effectiveness of internal control system” at Capital Land Assets Pvt Ltd., The effectiveness of the prevailed inventory system is analyzing at the same time.

The variation of the costs of raw materials are analyzing with their effects on the operating of the unit.

The literary that means of the word “Inventory” is stock of products. each enterprise wants inventory for swish running of its activities. It is a link between production and distribution method. The unforeseen fluctuation in demand and provide of products additionally necessitates the necessity for inventory. It additionally provides a cushion for future worth fluctuations.

The purpose of inventory management is to make sure convenience of materials in comfortable quality and amount as and once needed and additionally to attenuate investment in inventories. so it's terribly essential to possess correct management and management of inventory.

Inventories play a significant role operating of real estate‟s trade. The inventory ensures operational smoothness. In most the organizations the substantial a part of capital is invested with in inventories. Inventory refers to stock of product a firm that's purchasable and additionally the parts that conjure the merchandise.

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Study on Initial Public Offers and Due Diligence

This report, because the Title “Initial Public Offers and Due Diligence: The Role of a Investment Banker”, is a trial to evoke the importance of the method of Due Diligence and therefore the significance of the important role contend by the factor in managing the difficulty of associate degree Initial Public provide (IPO).

When an organization problems associate degree initial public offering, it suggests that it's going public. the difficulty of associate degree initial public offering introduces a good degree of transparency in a very Company‟s operations.

All the relevant associate degrees updated info referring to the corporate is arranged  down before the investors so they will create an investment call. Again, there area unit set procedures, rules, rules and laws to be followed in egg laying down this info before the investors. A document referred to as the Prospectus‟ should be ready. The Prospectus captures all the mandatory info that's to be created obtainable to the investors. excluding the Prospectus, there area unit varied alternative company documents that require to be verified and summarized so as to gift them before the investors. An factor is appointed for the aim of managing the difficulty of associate degree initial public offering of an organization. The factor plays a fiduciary role by coordinating  the activities of the corporate, the restrictive Bodies, and therefore the Investors. The factor has responsibilities towards the

• Company, to manage the whole method of issue of its initial public offering, and to gift the Company's info before the investors in a very brief and unambiguous kind.
• Investors, to administer all of them the relevant and updated info on the corporate, whereas at a similar time protective their interests.
• Regulatory Bodies like the Securities and Exchange Board of Bharat, to stick to all or any helper and legal compliance.

In order to meet all his responsibilities well, the factor should work diligently. the method through that he verifies and summarizes the Company‟s info is so referred to as the method of Due Diligence. He should issue Due Diligence Certificates at varied points throughout the difficulty method, language that the corporate documents have all been verified and area unit correct. This report can take the reader through the whole method of the difficulty of associate degree initial public offering and can lay special stress on the dynamic role contend by the factor

The decision by an organization to travel public could be a essential one because it leads to the dilution of possession stake and therefore the diffusion of company management. during this respect, associate degree Initial Public provide (IPO) is that the initial public provide of securities by an organization since its beginning. The factor acts as associate degree mediator between the provision company and therefore the final investors UN agency purchase these securities.

Managing associate degree initial public offering involves variety of mechanical and intellectual efforts that require to be applied in activities like channeling the money surplus of the society into productive investment avenues, sweat Due Diligence to confirm the adequacy and appropriateness of the disclosures created within the Prospectus, and guiding and coordinating  the opposite intermediaries related to the difficulty. The project can address all the on top of activities concerned within the management of IPOs to evoke the importance of the dynamic role contend by the factor during this sphere.

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Influence of ADR on Underlying Stock Prices

Globalization has opened the door for the investors to avail numerous investment avenues across the world. yankee installation Receipt (ADR) is one such chance to the finance community. The ADR could be a proxy for the Indian shares to alter them to be listed within the yankee stock exchanges. numerous studies conducted on installation Receipts (DRs) have shown that the mercantilism on the DR sin the foreign market has its influence within the home country’s stock in terms of worth, volatility and volume. This interested Pine Tree State and this project thinks about learning “Whether the value fluctuations of ADR have an effect on the corresponding Indian share prices?”.


After the relaxation of the economy in 1991, the corporatist started sourcing their capital from each domestic and foreign markets. The Indian shares can not be directly listed within the yankee stock exchanges. ADRs are terribly useful during this purpose. thus a shielder bank receives the shares as deposit and problems receipt to the market. These receipts square measure issued in applicable quantitative relation to the shares deposited with the installation. The market players within the stock exchanges trade these receipts.

Though the shares square measure listed in numerous markets, they need the common basic factors like company’s performance, management of the corporate and also the money structure of the corporate that influence the share costs. At an equivalent time there square measure few factors that don't seem to be same for 2 markets. These square measure economic process like interest rates, inflation, and overall performance of the economy. owing to this a distinction in worth is found between the ADRs and also the corresponding share within the home country.

The Sampling style constitutes the blueprint for the gathering, measuring and analysis of knowledge. It aids the mortal within the allocation of his restricted resources by sitting crucial decisions. analysis style is that the arrange and structure of investigation thus formed on get answers to analysis queries. The arrange is that the overall theme or program of the analysis. It includes what the investigator can do from writing hypotheses and their operational implications to the ultimate analysis of knowledge.
The design could be a arrange for choosing the sources and kinds of data accustomed answer the analysis question. it's a framework for specifying the relationships among the study’s variables. it's a blueprint that outlines every procedure from the hypotheses to the analysis of knowledge.

The literature review section examines recent analysis studies, company knowledge, or trade reports that act as a bass for the projected study. connected literature and secondary knowledge provides comprehensive perspective. Earlier references are going to be useful if the matter features a historical background. invariably the literature survey reference ought to be to the initial supply. The literature applies to the study you're proposing. The literature review may additionally justify the requirement for the projected work to appraise the shortcomings and informational gaps in secondary knowledge sources.

The first step during a analysis could be a search of the secondary literature. Studies created by others for his or her own functions represent secondary knowledge. inside secondary knowledge exploration, a man of science ought to begin 1st with associate organization’s own knowledge archives. Reports of previous analysis studies usually reveal an intensive quantity of historical knowledge or decision-making patterns.

By reviewing previous studies, you'll determine methodologies that tried winning and unsuccessful. The supply of secondary knowledge is printed documents ready by authors outside the sponsor organization. a look of secondary sources provides a superb background and can provide several sensible leads if one is inventive.

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Impact of ERP on Organizational Functions in Retail Sector

The business atmosphere has modified additional within the last 5 years than it did within the previous 5 decades. Winning in today’s business climate needs over simply providing high-quality, low-priced product to customers, once and the way the purchasers need them. the power to reply to new client wants and seize market opportunities as they arise, while not compromising on the profitableness of the firm is vital for the success of any organization.

Competitive pressures oftentimes force makers to decrease costs in spite of the very fact that their internal prices still rise. Enterprises area unit unendingly pains to enhance themselves within the areas of quality, time to plug, client satisfaction, performance and profitableness. creating wise business choices during this manner would alter organizations to accomplish their business growth and at a similar time alter them to utilize the knowledge to competitive advantage. to form it attainable for the businesses to execute this vision, there's a necessity for associate infrastructure that may give data across all functions and locations within the organization and this can be the Enterprise Resource coming up with (ERP) answer obtainable within the market these days.

This analysis is an endeavor to check the impact of ERP on the structure processes within the retail sector. The study aims to seek out the strategic blessings that the corporate has gained due the implementation of ERP package. The study conjointly shows the performance level in numerous purposeful areas of the organization attributable to implementation of ERP package. The study conjointly helps organizations establish the potential users for his or her ERP implementation and the way they might more leverage the implementation to attain higher returns on investments.

Beginning within the Eighties, ERP became one in every of the foremost vital events of the Nineties. Over eightieth of worldwide Fortune one thousand firms have put in ERP systems. additional and additional firms ‘turbo-charged’ their business to run at unsafe speed on a transactional backbone referred to as Enterprise Resource coming up with (ERP) system. So, what's ERP? ERP isn't one system, however a framework that features body applications (finance, accounting), producing resources coming up with applications (sales, procurance, production, planning), and human resources applications (payroll, benefits).ERP unites major business processes – order process, account book, and production at intervals one family of computer code modules. ERP is that the backbone of e-business. ERP supports daily business activities, which offer knowledge to everybody within the company, from workplace engineers to the chief suite, for creating choices and taking actions quicker, and additional intelligent.

Market leaders embraced ERP so as to realize operational efficiencies, however the method isn't painless. bear in mind that ERP provides a business foundation. choosing and putting in a brand new ERP answer is one in every of the foremost necessary and costliest endeavors a corporation can ever undertake. It’s conjointly the one business initiative possibly to travel wrong. Technology itself isn’t the sole challenge in managing transformation. Adopting ERP considerably affects a company’s design, processes, individuals and procedures. in concert manage recently said: “ERP isn't a mere systems modification. you're dynamic  the manner individuals have done their jobs for the past twenty years”.

Not all ERP systems area unit created equal. choosing the correct technology and answer supplier is that the key to success. Anyone will promise, however few will really deliver. Deloitte & Touche conducted a study of one,500 firms, all of that had to switch systems purchased at intervals the previous twenty four months. Here area unit the highest 10 getting criteria for choosing software: As firms gained additional expertise and data of ERP systems, they refocused on vendors World Health Organization have a verified log and might build systems work instead of at first providing low costs. it's clearly an upscale lesson learned in a very arduous manner.

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The Impact of Creativity and Wow Factor in Advertising

The approach employed in this report may be a case study approach. It basically deals with 2 aspects; creative thinking and WOW issue. These 2 terms are outlined and therefore the impact they need in advertising has been studied. The objectives of doing such a study were to know creative thinking, to outline it and to search out factors that elicit a WOW response from viewers.

Primary supply of knowledge includes of interaction with individuals from advertising agencies with an inexpensive quantity of expertise. a major a part of the desired info has been collected from this supply. Data collected through the secondary supply includes the theoretical aspects of advertising and creative thinking further as quotations from varied advertising men.

The case studies were rigorously hand picked once innumerous discussions with professionals from the advertising fraternity. The cases are documented, analyzed and ‘lessons to be learnt’ are listed. CREATIVITY is maybe the one word that assumes nice importance in any enterprise. More so, within the advertising trade.

Let's examine it closely. Tonnes are written on its important importance. 100 seminars and workshops have not bored with stressing however it's the cornerstone of the trade. I don't suppose anyone queries its importance. creative thinking is de facto one thing that everybody accepts as very important. Then why is it that there's therefore very little of it evident in our work?

Let us step back and question why I dare say there's therefore little evident in our work. however do i assess or choose creativity? Well, i think here is wherever the whole drawback begins. there's no real yardstick by that creative thinking will be exactly measured. How do jury panels choose creativity? terribly straightforward. They specify "impact" and "relevance" as 2 parameters or judge creative thinking.

Having same this you then slip into AN ethereal world wherever advertising associations area unit secured in AN never-ending battle to outline UN agency will truly choose creative thinking. "Obviously, solely artistic individuals ought to be referred to as upon to guage creative thinking," says one huge lobby. "No, decision in people who measure creative thinking as a vicinity of their profession," says another faculty of thought.

Shorn of its niceties, the primary faculty of thought lays out a case wherever creators of creative thinking area unit the simplest judges of it. The second faculty advocates the inclusion of selling folks that in any case choose the creative thinking of agencies on a daily basis within the globe and judge what truly goes resolute the final word client.

Having seen each colleges of thought prevail at completely different periods of your time, i'm qualified to touch upon what goes on within the differing eventualities.

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Impact of Advertisements on Investors at HDFC Standard Life Insurance

This project is managing study on “Impact of advertisement on Investors – A case study in HDFC Standard Life Insurance” The scope of study is regarding the advertisements and therefore the presence of HDFC SLIC with relation to in door advertisements and their advertisements & their effectiveness & out door advertisements, however the folks wish to watch them. to understand the notice within the public like better to watch the ads and medium.

With an enormous cut throat competition in insurance there's a necessity for every company to understand its market share beside numerous side poignant the market share to come back out of the competition because the leader. One has got to have data regarding their product which of the competition and this info has got to be up dated ofttimes as changes square measure quick in data society. The twenty first century the brands square measure less rely on attributes and a lot of rely on awareness, life vogue the associated target customers. the speed of acceleration are therefore high that {increasingly|progressively|more and a lot of} the past can no more be the indicator of the longer term. the main focus of sale can shift worth to Company’s promotions.

Life Insurance is “contract wherever by for a stipulated premium, the insuring company agrees to pay the insured, or his beneficiary, a set total or its equivalent in financial gain upon the happening of death or another such as event.”

The first Indian life assurance company was the oriental life assurance Company, that was started In Bharat in 1818 at Kolkata. variety of players (over 250 in life and regarding a hundred in non-life) principally with regional focus flourished all across the country. but the govt. of Bharat, involved by the unethical standards adopted by some players against the customers, nationalized the business in 2 phases in 1956(life) and in 1972 (non-life).

The Insurance business of the country was then brought beneath two public sector corporations, life assurance Corporation of {india|India|Republic of Bharat|Bharat|Asian country|Asian nation} (LIC) and General Corporation of India (GIC).Reforms were initiated with the passage of Insurance restrictive and Development Authority Bill 1999. IRDA was setup as associate degree freelance regulatory agency, that has place in situ regulation in line with world norms. up to now within the personal sector, twelve life assurance corporations and nine general insurance corporations are registered.

HDFC customary life assurance Company could be a joint agreement between two corporations. customary Life is one among the leading insurance corporations within the world. it absolutely was incorporated in fourteenth. August 2000.

The scope of study is regarding the advertisements and therefore the presence of HDFC SLIC with relation to in door advertisements and their advertisements & their effectiveness & out door advertisements, however the folks wish to watch them. to understand the notice within the public like better to watch the ads and medium. A method of finding an answer to a haul or a matter through the utilization of scientific tools & techniques. it's a organized & purposeful study conducted for gift study on. Impact of advertisement on investors, Therefore, marketing research that may be adopted to gather knowledge in associate degree organized manner, with later recording & analyzing of such knowledge that may facilitate to create effective call method.

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Impact of Advertising on Customers in Tata Motors

Advertising is that the dissemination of data regarding a thought, service or a product to compel action in accordance with the intent of the publicist. it's any paid variety of nonpersonnel presentation of concepts, product or service by associate degree known sponsor.

The role of advertising within the promotional set up of a corporation is extremely important. Advertising, whether or not it's on a national, native or direct basis is vital because it will inform, prompt or persuade established or potential customers of the existence of a product or organization, developing a picture through advertising quantity to giving a whole a definite identity or temperament.

A research study on “Impact of advertising on customers in Tata Motors MATRIX” HASSAN was geared toward analyzing the effectiveness of advert.

The survey was conducted at HASSAN through a form for client WHO uses TATA cars. The client were interviewed on the assorted facet like specific programs followed, their awareness regarding advert, their impression regarding the advert, the newspapers etc. the perception with regard to varied attributes like price, range, style/design, value of spares, accessibility of spares, service, whole names, film stars role in advert, and simple purchase were additionally enclosed within the form.

The study additionally created an attempt to know what makes a commercial in style, whether or not it's pictuarization, music, models or humor.

Consumers ar progressively exposed with advertising campaigns during which they're usually confronted with idealised representations of the planet (e.g., idealised things, enticing models). an outsized quantity of studies has shown that advertising presenting idealised pictures will have robust effects on shopper satisfaction and welfare. However, obtained results weren't per one another. Some studies found that advertising had associate degree increasing impact on shopper satisfaction; alternative studies found that advertising had a negative impact and LED to shopper discontentedness. No analysis has ever tried to resolve why conflicting results were obtained during this space of analysis. Moreover, there exists no living shopper behavior model on the results of advertising on shopper satisfaction.

Consumers extremely play a very important and an important role within the success of any advert. Any advert is claimed to be a booming one once customers are drawn to a specific advertising. Advertisements are created by keeping the shopper‟s perspective within the mind so it will attractiveness the correct consumer that the corporate has to target for his or her product. individuals just like the advertisements that attractiveness them or through that they will connect or relate themselves. a number of the emotional advertisements additionally extremely work on customers because the customers feel that somebody like them is additionally victimization that product.

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Recruitment and Selection at Aviva Life Insurance

The MBA project titled “RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION” Undertaken in AVIVA insurance.

AVIVA is a Great Britain based insurance cluster. It's a protracted history chemical analysis back to 1834 and encompasses a venture with DABUR teams. Aviva singapore holds a twenty six per cent stake within the venture and also the Dabur cluster holds the balance seventy four per cent share.

It is one in every of the leading suppliers of life and pensions product to Europe and has substantial businesses elsewhere round the world.


The project report is concerning achievement and choice method that‟s a very important a part of any organization. that is taken into account as a necessary quality of a company? actually, achievement and choice offers a surroundings to the organization acumen that's required for correct functioning of the organization. It offers a structure structure of the corporate. It‟s a technique within which the actual organization works and the way a replacement candidate might be recruited in such how that he/she would be fitted for the correct reasonably career.

There ar 2 kinds of factors that have an effect on the achievement of candidates for the corporate

• Internal factors
• External factors

The objective of choice call is to decide on the individual United Nations agency will most with success perform the task from the pool of qualified candidates. choice method or activities generally follow a regular patter, starting with associate initial screening interview and terminal with final employment call.

Recruitment highlights every applicant‟s skills, skills and knowledge. Their choice involves developing a listing of qualified candidates, shaping a variety strategy, characteristic qualified candidates, completely evaluating qualified candidates and choosing the foremost qualified candidate.

It is aforementioned if right person is appointed at right place the [*fr1] work has been done. during this project I even have tried to hide all the necessary purpose that ought to be unbroken in mind whereas enlisting and choice method and have conducted a research study through a form that I got it full of all the sales managers of the AVIVA life assurance Kanpur and tried to search out out that ways and numerous alternative data associated with enlisting and choice and tries to come back to a conclusion at what time largely the force designing is don‟t , what the assorted methodology used for recruiting the candidates and on what basic the choices is completed.

Aviva Bharat incorporates a well-articulated civil right policy, that lays sturdy stress on hiring of people regardless of age, race, caste or gender. As a best follow in enlisting.

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Financial Freedom through Reverse Mortgage

The world population structure shows that population worldwide is ageing owing to exaggerated longevity of older folks and small birth rates in developed and most developing countries. In Asian nation alone, statistics show that variety of older as a proportion of population can show a 107% growth, from 113 million in 2016 and 179 million by 2026 severally.

Combined with growing health care prices, changes within the joint-family system and exaggerated longevity- the typical expectancy of men is seventy five, which of ladies is seventy nine, at age 60- there's a pressing want for tangible different to the pension schemes, so aged folks will lived in an exceedingly mode they're at home with.

Currently, the mandated coverage in govt and personal pension schemes area unit on the market to around St Martin's Day of population. the remainder of the population need to set up their monetary security severally while not recourse to any of the prevailing govt pension plans.

Again, several of the senior voters reside on fastened incomes, fastened pensions, or on the yield of investments that don't meet their monetary desires. Some need further sources of financial gain to hide day to day expenses. this may not be taken care of by the pension schemes exist presently within the market.

To address this issue of old-age monetary economic condition, it's necessary to initial address the varied instruments of saving that area unit on the market within the monetary sector. plus possession structure in Asian nation suggests that housing wealth constitutes major portion of the non-pension wealth of the older. the matter that a lot of householders face is on the way to faucet into this housing wealth for consumption while not mercantilism the house and moving. The reverse mortgage is one such instrument that permits a house owner to borrow against the equity accumulated within the home while not having to pay back the yield of such loan throughout the lifespan of the reverse mortgage.

Old age comes with its own share of issues. As someone grows older, and his regular supply of financial gain dries up, his dependency on others will increase considerably. With health care expenses on the increase and small social insurance, living the time of life with all respect may be quite challenge for senior voters. In such a state of affairs, an everyday financial gain stream that may facilitate them meet their monetary desires and maintain their current living standards becomes vital.

One typical feature with most senior voters is that their residential property accounts for a big portion of their total plus pie. And, given its illiquid nature, property fails to assist senior voters on the liquidity front.

In the Union Budget 2007-08, a proposal to introduce 'Reverse Mortgages' was place forth. in an exceedingly regular mortgage, a recipient mortgages his new/existing house with the investor reciprocally for the loan quantity (which successively he uses to finance the property); a similar is charged at a specific charge per unit and runs over a preset tenure. The recipient then should repay the loan quantity within the sort of EMIs (equated monthly instalments), that comprise of each principal and interest amounts. The property is employed as a security to hide the danger of fail the borrower's half.

In the reverse mortgage, senior voters (borrowers), United Nations agency own a house property, however don't have regular financial gain, will mortgage a similar with the investor (a scheduled  bank or a housing finance company-HFC). In return, the investor makes periodic payment to the borrowers throughout their lifespan. In spite of mortgaging the house property, the recipient will still keep in it throughout his entire generation and still receive regular flows of financial gain from the investor moreover. Also, since the recipient does not need to service the loan, he needn't hassle concerning repaying the 'borrowed amount' to the investor.

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Financial Analysis on Recession Period at M&M Tractors

Financial Analysis (also stated as financial plan analysis or accounting analysis) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitableness of a business, sub-business or project.

It is performed by professionals World Health Organization prepare reports exploitation ratios that create use of data taken from monetary statements and different reports. These reports area unit typically given to prime management mutually of their bases in creating business selections. supported these reports, management may:

1. Continue or discontinue its main operation or a part of its business; create or purchase bound materials within the manufacture of its product;
2. Acquire or rent/lease bound machineries and instrumentation within the production of its goods;
3. Issue stocks or hash out for a loan to extend its operating capital; create selections concerning finance or disposal capital;
4. different selections that enable management to form AN au courant choice on varied alternatives within the conduct of its business.

Comparing monetary ratios is simply a method of conducting monetary analysis. monetary ratios face many theoretical challenges:

1. they assert very little concerning the firm's prospects in AN absolute sense. Their insights concerning relative performance need a point of reference from different time periods or similar companies.
2. One magnitude relation holds very little which means. As indicators, ratios are often logically understood in a minimum of 2 ways in which. One will part overcome this drawback by combining many connected ratios to color a additional comprehensive image of the firm's performance.
3. seasonal factors might stop year-end values from being representative. A ratio's values is also distorted as account balances modification from the start to the top of AN accounting amount. Use average values for such accounts whenever potential. monetary ratios aren't any additional objective than the accounting ways utilized. Changes in accounting policies or decisions will yield drastically completely different magnitude relation values.
4. They fail to account for exogenous factors like capitalist behavior that don't seem to be based mostly upon economic fundamentals of the firm or the overall economy.

Financial analysts can even use proportion analysis that involves reducing a series of figures as a proportion of some base quantity. as an example, a bunch of things are often expressed as a proportion of earnings. once proportionate changes within the same figure over a given period expressed as a proportion is grasp as horizontal analysis.

Vertical or common-size analysis, reduces all things on an announcement to a ―common size as a proportion of some base worth that assists in equivalence with different corporations of various sizes.
Another technique is comparative analysis. This provides a stronger thanks to verify trends. Comparative analysis presents constant info for 2 or longer periods and is given side-by-side to permit for simple analysis.

A prolonged decline in activity across the economy that lasts longer than a couple of months; recessions have a negative impact on industrial production, employment, real financial gain, and wholesale-retail trade. Technically, a recession is claimed to possess occurred once there are 2 consecutive quarters of negative economic process as measured by a country's gross domestic product (GDP).


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Performance Evaluation of Indian Mutual Funds

This study has been undertaken to evaluate the performance of the Indian Mutual Funds vis-à-vis the Indian stock market. For the purpose of this study, 21 open ended equity based growth mutual funds were selected as the sample. The data, which is the weekly NAV’s of the funds and the closing of the BSE Sensex, were collected for a period of 5 years starting 19/03/2004 to 13/02/2009.

Different statistical tools were used on the data obtained to get the average returns, absolute returns, standard deviation, Fund Beta, R-squared value, residual value, Relative Performance Index were calculated. These variables of the funds were compared with www.projectskart.com the same variables of the market to assess how the different funds have performed against the market.


A Statistical test, Mann Whitney U-Test, was done on the returns of the fund with respect to the Sensex returns. Another U-Test was done taking absolute return as the variable. These U- Test were done to test the hypothesis which was that the fund returns over the period of time are similar to the market returns over the period of time.

All the funds were classified into a hierarchical cluster on the basis of their average returns, absolute returns, standard deviation, fund beta, and relative performance index. This classification was to see whether the funds have similar properties or not.

All the mutual funds gave similar returns with respect to the market expect for certain time period which was during the late 2005 and early 2006. There is a positive correlation with the absolute returns of the market and the mutual funds over the period of time. The study showed that the standard deviation of the funds were high during the boom period in comparison with the market and were comparatively lower when the recessionary trend started. The fund betas also show that there is significant correlation between the fund returns and the market returns. Of the 21 funds considered for this study, 7 funds had RPI less than 0.7, 3 funds had RPI of almost 1 and 11 funds had RPI of more than 1.

The results of the U-Test showed that all the funds are accepting the hypothesis that is they are giving returns in sync with the market except for one fund which is UTI CCP Advantage growth fund, whose returns vary significantly from the market returns. With the help of clustering it was seen that a lot of different funds have similar properties and so were classified into one cluster. There were a few outliers who didn’t have any property in common with the other funds but still behaved more or less in the same way as the market and other funds. A U-Test was also done on the absolute returns and the results of this were also similar to www.projectskart.com the U-Test on average returns, that is, for UTI CCP Advantage Fund the returns were not similar to the market returns and varied significantly.

The mutual fund industry has been in India for a long time. This came into existence in 1963 with the establishment of Unit Trust of India, a joint effort by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India. The next two decades from 1986 to 1993 can be termed as the period of public sector funds with entry of new public sector players into the mutual fund industry namely, Life Insurance Corporation of India and General Insurance Corporation of India.

The year of 1993 marked the beginning of a new era in the Indian mutual fund industry with the entry of private players like Morgan Stanley, J.P Morgan, and Capital International1. This was the first time when the mutual fund regulations came into existence. SEBI (Security Exchange Board of India) was established under which all the mutual funds in India were required to be registered. SEBI was set up as a governing body to protect the interest of investor. By the end of 2008, the number of players in the industry grew enormously with 462 fund houses functioning in the country.

With the rise of the mutual fund industry, establishing a mutual fund association became a prerequisite. This is when AMFI (Association of Mutual Funds India) was set up in 1995 as a nonprofit organization. Today AMFI ensures mutual funds function in a professional and healthy manner thereby protecting the interest of the mutual funds as well as its investors.

The mutual fund industry is considered as one of the most dominant players in the world economy and is an important constituent of the financial sector and India is no exception. The industry has witnessed startling growth in terms of the products and services offered, returns churned, volumes generated and the international players who have contributed to this growth. Today the industry offers different schemes ranging from equity and debt to fixed income and money market.

The market has graduated from offering plain vanilla and equity debt products to an array of diverse products such as gold funds, exchange traded funds (ETF’s), and capital protection oriented funds and even thematic funds. In addition investments www.projectskart.com in overseas markets have also been a significant step. Due credit for this evolution can be given to the regulators for building an appropriate framework and to the fund houses for launching such different products. All these reasons have encouraged the traditional conservative investor, from parking fund in fixed deposits and government schemes to investing in other products giving higher returns.

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Employees Perception Towards Training at HAMUL

Employee training tries to improve skills or add to the existing level of knowledge so that employee is better equipped to do his present job or to prepare him for a higher position with increased responsibilities. Organizational growth need to be measured along with individual growth.

Training refers to the learning activities done for the primary purpose of helping employees of the organization to acquire and apply the knowledge skills, abilities and attitudinal needs required by that organization to acquire and apply. Broadly speaking training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job.

In today’s scenario change is the order of the day and the only way to deal with it is to learn and grow. Employees have become vital part to success or failure of an organization they are the cornucopia of ideas. So it is high time the organization realize that “train and retain is the mantra of new millennium.”

India is called the “country of villages” where it covers nearly 70% of its total area. In this relation we can say that Indian economy is base on rural activities and their development. Therefore we have to give prime importance to the rural activities.

A dairy is a place for handling milk and milk products. Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Dairy technology has been defined as that branch of dairy science which deals with the processing of milk and the milk products on an industrial scale. In developed dairying countries such as the USA the year 1850 is seen as the dividing line between farm and factory scale production. Various factors distribute to this change in these countries such as the concentration of the population in cities where the jobs are plentiful, rapid industrialization, improvement of transportation facilities, development of machines etc., The rural areas are identified for the production, urban areas are for the processing of the milk.

Around 1500 BC to 2000 BC the Aryans were first to domesticate cattle. Use them for tilling their land obtain milk to be consumed as food. Again it were Aryans who priced the milk of a cow more than its meat, forbade its slaughter, created legends about it and even worshipped it. Hindus even to this day consider cow as sacred. Besides it were only the East (India/China) which domesticated buffalo as milch animal succeeded so well that today, more than half the total production of milk in India is obtained from buffalo.

Most of the farmers have one milk animal, they sell the milk through local milk contractors or middlemen. These traders have always exploited the poor and uneducated milk producers. It was in the late forties, when integrated approach for dairy development based on farmers owned milk co-operative was first adopted at Anand. T

he system includes milk procurement productions and marketing through farmer co-operatives. In India, the market milk technology may be considered to have commenced in1950 with the functioning of the Central Dairy of Aarey Milk Colony and milk product technology in 1956 with the establishment of AMUL dairy, Anand. The system of collective ownership, operation and control of milk trade by farmers came to be known as ANAND PATTERN. Anand pattern has given them an opportunity to have access to the modern technology.

The premises institution NDDB and IDC for application of the Anand pattern through out the country. The whole project under which replication was envisioned, is named as “operation flood”. The success of Anand pattern depends as establishing a strong co operative infrastructure at the grass root level, making economically viable to strengthen.

Dairy industry offers employment opportunity to the people so as to help the farmers to get fair price of milk. The farmers are provided with medical facilities to their cattle. Milk is becoming an alternative life line in our rural economy. With the advent of white revolution that is “SKHEERA KRANTI” in the same pattern of Denmark and Holland.

Export of dairy products plays an important role in our foreign trade. It increases the foreign exchange and national income of our country and also economic development of our country.


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Effective Supply Chain Management as a Strategic Advantage

TSS was established in 1913 and since then it has been in Sirsi. The products have got their own brand image and also customers. Based on the service provided by TSS to its customers we can know how the organization considers its customers and its products to the customers.

A study Effective supply chain management as a strategic advantage at TSS is undertaken for assessing the supply towards the customers and to understand the expectations of the customers towards arecanut and its products which will in turn help to take appropriate action by the management for removing the loop holes.

To interrogate customer‘s area-sampling system was adopted, since the population is undefined so 50 customers were interrogated to elicit the information, which are analyzed, interpreted and placed under with comments, charts and findings. The idea that customers prefer one product or one service over another is not new.

The ability to identify and measure the elements of such preference decisions with any accuracy and reliability has only recently become available. Most importantly, we have come to realize that high customer satisfaction does not assure continued customer Preference. Satisfaction research over the past fifteen years demonstrates that high satisfaction scores, while a measure of organization performance on a set of important criteria, do not adequately explain the composition of preference formation and therefore often serve as insufficient predictors of sustained preference or what is normally referred to as customer loyalty.

The co-operative society in India has a significant role to play in the economy. Enormous intermediaries are dependant for managing supply chain in the sector, like wholesalers and retailers. Due to this, the sector is engulfed with unhealthy cut throat competition among themselves and because of this its being cumbersome task for the marketers to create awareness about their product, brand and to induce consumers.

The TSS has its business presence across Karnataka and the consumers are scattered among various elements like geographical, religion, age, occupational, economic etc. Management needs to know the supply chain information in order to make sound decisions. Surveys on customer, retailers, and wholesalers can produce favorable or unfavorable result, but brings a number of benefits to management.

A study on supply chain helps to understand the performance of the organization and the behavior of the customers and the merchandisers. The study of supply chain indicates the expectations of the firm. Customer preference helps to understand the loyalty of the customer towards the products. The management finds a possible way to fulfill the expectations of customers and wholesalers and attracts new customers and wholesalers.


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Comparative Study of Interest Rates on Education Loans

An education loan is a loan taken to help pay for an education, usually at a college or trade school, but may also be used to pay for private schools or prep schools as well. The education loan is available in several different types.

These are student loans, parent loans and private loans. Loans are also either guaranteed or unguaranteed. Student and parent loans are most likely to be guaranteed by the government, though many agencies work for the government in this respect. Unguaranteed or unsubsidized loans are usually from private lenders only, and usually can only be obtained if one has a good credit score or significant equity.

The student loan is usually the best choice education loan for a student whose parents cannot pay for his or her education. While the student remains in school, interest on this type of education loan in accrues and is paid for by the government.

A parent education loan is a good choice for parents who don‟t want their children to end their college career in debt. These can also be guaranteed, meaning that parents don‟t necessarily have to have great credit scores to get a loan. Interest rates tend to be relatively low, but a longer repayment schedule means paying quite a bit of interest.

The private education loan almost always requires good credit. Many people use the equity in their house to take out such a loan. Unlike the parent and student education loan, the private education loan is not usually need based. Often when students apply for financial aid, they are told they, or their parents, make too much money to qualify.

The federal government does not guarantee the private education loan, and payments usually begin on the loan right away. These loans usually have the highest interest rates, as well. If they are taken as part of refinancing a home, they may be more economical.

Because students frequently leave college heavily burdened with debt, it is important to consider how much of a loan one really needs. The less debt contracted the better. Before applying for an education loan, evaluate the other types of aid that may be available. There are numerous scholarships that go unclaimed each year because no one applies for them. Research into scholarships that are not need-based can often help defer some college expenses, lessening the amount one needs to borrow.

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy. The failures of the banking sector may have an adverse impact on other sectors. This Study will help us to understand the education loan about banking services and products. In this background this study tries to analyze the educational loan interest rate towards banking services.

In this research I have adopt the Descriptive Research method only for PNB, Syndicate bank and SBM Education loan schemes for just compare the offer document of these three banks.

Research Methodology is an important part of every project. Because it help in knowing how to select representative sample from the world or the general population, the right research tools and techniques to complete the research.

To satisfy the customer the study of consumer behavior is important because he is the king. The Research Process is based on survey method, so in order to implement the survey we go to Service Provider and the Services user which is the customers. 

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Brand Awareness of Spencer's and Comparative Analysis with Big Bazaar

Spencer's Retail in India is in an enviable but challenging position instead of trying to generate new business, it is struggling to keep up with explosive growth. Approximately two years ago, the company had approximately 60 stores and 4,000 employees; today, it has more than 350 stores and 15,000 employees.

By 2004 the retail industry was growing rapidly in India, and Spencer's Retail decided to pursue an aggressive expansion strategy. The company had the customers, the products, and the employees to make it happen. It just needed an IT infrastructure that could support rapid growth. Current servers were at capacity, and the company needed to upgrade before adding new stores. Amit Mukerjee, Group CIO of the RPG Group, describes the challenge as part of the learning curve for retail development in India. ―Retailing is a new business in this country. As the business matures, the process matures, and IT systems must evolve accordingly.

The company also needed an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution to handle critical processes such as supply-chain management. It decided to implement mySAP ERP, now called SAP ERP, and realized the solution needed to run on high-performance servers. Spencer's Retail evaluated several possibilities, including servers from HP, IBM, and Sun Microsystems. It decided to build its IT infrastructure on Sun systems for several reasons. Sun SPARC Enterprise Servers had the performance and scalability needed to sustain its business, and they delivered higher performance at less cost. Sun's knowledge of the retail space in India, as well as its long history with RGP Enterprises, were also deciding factors.

Spencer's Retail chose Sun SPARC Enterprise M5000 servers with four dual-core 2.1 GHz SPARC 64 VI processors as the center of its production environment. Designed for consolidation and virtualization, Sun SPARC Enterprise Servers bring mainframe-class utilization and efficiency levels to the open systems market. Supporting hardware partitions and Solaris Containers, these systems deliver deliver 24/7 mission-critical services while reducing power, cooling, and space requirements.

After an eight-month testing period beginning in early 2005, the company installed the SAP ERP database software on two Sun SPARC Enterprise M5000 servers in a high-availability cluster with Sun Cluster 3.2 software. The disaster recovery solution ensures business continuity with advanced failover protection.The cluster is connected to a Sun StorageTek 6540 array through a Dell Brocade SW200E Switch. ASun StorageTek SL500 Modular Library System is used for data backup as well. The solution also includes Sun SPARC Enterprise T5120, Sun SPARC Enterprise M4000, and Sun Fire V490 servers used to support both production and quality assurance functions.

Spencer's Retail has rolled out its SAP solution to approximately 160 stores and expects to complete deployment to more than 350 stores by October 2008. The company purchased the SunSpectrum Enterprise Service Plan to help support the ambitious project. Indranil Guha, head of the ERP data center at Spencer & Co. says, ―We are always in touch with Sun; we work with it as a partner. Good customer service is very important to us, because we run our entire business on Sun servers.‖

The company is meeting its initial goals for a high-performance solution with room for growth. It has already observed that data transactions run as much as five times faster on the new systems. And it estimates that its current solution can easily handle up to 1,000 stores. The company also appreciates that the more energy-efficient and compact design will reduce space and power requirements.

Spencer's Retail plans to enhance its IT environment further with a new disaster recovery site, which will include Sun Fire V890 servers and Sun SPARC Enterprise T5120 servers running Solaris Cluster software connected to a StorageTek 6140 array. It will also use Sun StorageTek Data Replicator Software software to mirror data between the production environment and the remote location. Together with its new server infrastructure, the disaster recover installation will provide the high-performance, high-availability solution the company envisioned. With its business processes running on Sun infrastructure, Spencer's Retail can meet business growth with confidence.

Company Profile Spencer's retail is the largest* supermarket chain in India. We offer a complete range of products & durables, from bread to bed cover; from toothpaste to even television sets. Today Spencer's has 100 stores spread across 25 cities with a retail trading area of more than half a million square feet, and we're growing rapidly. Spencer's is the shopping choice for millions across the country, 2.8 million to be exact, who frequent our stores every month.

Today Spencer's offers its customers a customized and convenient shopping experience in 5 different formats. Each format, namely the Spencer's Express, Spencer's Fresh, Spencer's Daily, Spencer's Super and Spencer's Hyper is differently sized and caters to the various needs of our consumers. We at Spencer's offer a pleasant and delightful shopping experience by ensuring convenient store locations, trusted quality, great value for money and a wide array of products. And these qualities characterize all of our 100 stores, across the country.


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A Study on Employee Job Satisfaction at KMF

India is called the “country of villages” where it covers nearly 70% of its total area. In this relation we can say that Indian economy is base on rural activities and their development. Therefore we have to give prime importance to the rural activities.

A dairy is a place for handling milk and milk products. Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Dairy technology has been defined as that branch of dairy science which deals with the processing of milk and the milk products on an industrial scale. In developed dairying countries such as the USA the year 1850 is seen as the dividing line between farm and factory scale production. Various factors distribute to this change in these countries such as the concentration of the population in cities where the jobs are plentiful, rapid industrialization, improvement of transportation facilities, development of machines etc., The rural areas are identified for the production, urban areas are for the processing of the milk.

Around 1500 BC to 2000 BC the Aryans were first to domesticate cattle. Use them for tilling their land obtain milk to be consumed as food. Again it were Aryans who priced the milk of a cow more than its meat, forbade its slaughter, created legends about it and even worshipped it. Hindus even to this day consider cow as sacred. Besides it were only the East (India/China) which domesticated buffalo as milch animal succeeded so well that today, more than half the total production of milk in India is obtained from buffalo.

Most of the farmers have one milk animal, they sell the milk through local milk contractors or middlemen. These traders have always exploited the poor and uneducated milk producers. It was in the late forties, when integrated approach for dairy development based on farmers owned milk co-operative was first adopted at Anand. The system includes milk procurement productions and marketing through farmer co-operatives. In India, the market milk technology may be considered to have commenced in1950 with the functioning of the Central Dairy of Aarey Milk Colony and milk product technology in 1956 with the establishment of AMUL dairy, Anand. The system of collective ownership, operation and control of milk trade by farmers came to be known as ANAND PATTERN. Anand pattern has given them an opportunity to have access to the modern technology.

The premises institution NDDB and IDC for application of the Anand pattern throughout the country. The whole project under which replication was envisioned, is named as “operation flood”. The success of Anand pattern depends as establishing a strong co operative infrastructure at the grass root level, making economically viable to strengthen.

Dairy industry offers employment opportunity to the people so as to help the farmers to get fair price of milk. The farmers are provided with medical facilities to their cattle. Milk is becoming an alternative life line in our rural economy. With the advent of white revolution that is “SKHEERA KRANTI” in the same pattern of Denmark and Holland.

Export of dairy products plays an important role in our foreign trade. It increases the foreign exchange and national income of our country and also economic development of our country

In June 1974, an integrated project was launched in Karnataka to restructure and reorganize the dairy industry on the co operative principle and to lay foundation for a new direction in dairy development. Work on the first ever, World bank aided dairy development project was initiated in 1975. Initially the project covered 8 southern districts of Karnataka and Karnataka Dairy development corporation was set up to implement the project.

Dairy developmental activities was set up with dairy co operative societies at grass root level, milk unions at the middle level and dairy development corporation at state level as an apex body with the responsibility of implementing Rs.51 crores project. After the closure of operation flood II the dairy development activities which continued under operation flood III ended on 1996. The post operation flood works are financed by NDDB under different terms and conditions.


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