A Study on Training and Development at Bharathi Associates

Employee training tries to improve skills, or add to the existing level of knowledge so that employee is better equipped to do his present job, or to prepare him for a higher position with increased responsibilities. However individual growth is not and ends in itself. Organizational growth need to be measured along with individual growth.

Training refers to the teaching/learning activities done for the primary purpose of helping members of an organization to acquire and apply the knowledge skills, abilities, and attitude needed by that organization to acquire and apply the same. Broadly speaking training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job.

Training and development play vital and important role in any given organization in the modern day. Considering it, my study on training and development in Bharthi Associates gives me a scope to know in detail about the different techniques and method adopted by Bharthi Associates to train their employees very effectively and efficiently.

The problem statement included various factors such as knowing the training and development facilities to the employees and also to know what best effort has been put in by the firm to improvise it so that it can be utilized effectively and efficiently by the employees in the organization.

Bharthi Associates being a firm with very little number like 500 should give more concentration on its employees with regard to train them. Some amount of concentration has been given to the training of employees, however the consistency needs to be maintained in order to make sure all the employees are well knowledge and are in a better position to carry on their work with much more effectiveness in case of any unexpected issues or obstacles.

India is the world second largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. In this respect, the country is endowed with a large production base for a variety of raw materials covering food crops, commercial crops and fibers due to its varied agro-climatic conditions.

India is world‟s largest producer of cereals and milk; second largest producer of rice, wheat sugar, fruits, and vegetables; third in cotton; and seventh largest producer of fish. Also, India has the highest number of plants approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) outside the USA.

Processed food market is the most important segment of the food industry according for over 32 percent of the total food market. While India has on abundant supply of food, the food processing industry is still nascent: only two percent of fruit and vegetables; and 15 percent of milk are processed.

Despite this, the processed food industry ranks fifth in the country, representing 6.3 percent of GDP. It accounts for 13 percent of the country‟s exports and 6 percent of total industrial investment. The industry size is estimated at US $70 billion, including US $22 billion of value added products. This sector has been attracting FDI across different categories.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) in the country's food sector is poised to hit the US $-billion mark by 2010. In the last one year (2006) alone. FDI approvals in food processing have doubled. The cumulative FDI inflow in food processing has reached US $1.276 billion in March 2007, in which is 2.68 percent of total FDI inflows into the country.

Many major multi-national companies like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Britannia, Danone, Nestle, Cadbury, Lever‟s Kelloggs, Heinz, International Best Food, Walls, Perfetti, Van Melle, etc have made their presence in India. At the same time many others are drawing their plans to enter or expand their presence in the country:


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A Study on Effectiveness of Recruitment Channels

The objective of the study is to develop a Recruitment channel, which will be utilized to ensure that GO GO International Pvt. Ltd is able to identify and prepare for filling key organizational positions with qualified candidates, in advance of actual need, and to assist in managing diversity and workforce planning. Another related objective is to have the right people available, at the right place, at the right time in order to ensure smooth ongoing operations. In other words, to develop effective recruitment process which would grow as well as retain talent and maintain leadership continuity· Develop and prepare a pool of talents to meet future business requirements.

Recruiting and retaining employees in the industry is a critical issue. Smart, ambitious, and highly motivated employees are difficult to keep. Attracting and retaining these people is a challenge. Qualified personnel have to be compensated well and require work that develops their skills and matches their personal interests. Since technical employees require challenging and rewarding work, a slightly different plan must be employed to successfully recruit and retain these workers. Some key factors that aid the recruiting of outstanding technical people are salary, benefits, the organization’s reputation, and rewarding work.

The purpose of recruiting is to ensure a sufficient pool of applicants from which the most qualified individual may be selected. Successful recruiting can minimize the employee turnover rate absenteeism, lower productivity.

Indian textile industry can be compared to a pyramid of ice floating in water. “Only one tenth of the pyramid is visible, in the form of large textile mills in the organized sector. The body of the textile pyramid consists of the decentralized power loom and handloom sectors, which account for the bulk of India’s production. The base of the pyramid is the downstream apparel and household textile sectors. The entire pyramid employs about fifteen million (as in 2007, it was estimated 20 million) workers-most of whom work in small firms in the decentralized sector”.

Indeed, the structure of the Indian textile industry is as varied and deep-rooted as is its reform, challenging and daunting Indian textile and clothing industry is the largest foreign exchange earner for the country, and employs over 20 million people, second only to agriculture. India cannot afford to let this industry grow sick. That would be nothing short of a human tragedy. Until the era of globalization liberalization was launched at the opening of the current decade, the domestic market was a protected turf, and a seller’s market.

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A Study on Stress Management at Syndicate Bank

The workplace is a challenging job assignment followed by moderate doses of competitive spirit, constructive conflict and a zeal to get ahead of others and a ways in which individual cope, or deal with stress at work is called stress management.

Employers should provide a stress-free work environment, recognize where stress is becoming a problem for staff, and take action to reduce stress. Stress in the workplace reduces productivity, increases management pressures, and makes people ill in many ways, evidence of which is still increasing. Workplace stress affects the performance of the brain, including functions of work performance; memory, concentration, and learning.

Stress at work also provides a serious risk of litigation for all employers and organizations, carrying significant liabilities for damages, bad publicity and loss of reputation. Dealing with stress-related claims also consumes vast amounts of management time. So, there are clearly strong economic and financial reasons for organisations to manage and reduce stress at work, aside from the obvious humanitarian and ethical considerations.

Any research requires a proper understanding of the problem. A well-defined problem is “half work done”. Statement of problem is the section were the reason for taking up a particular topic for research is justified. Many creative efforts fail because the problem is either unclear or it is focused in the wrong place. If people have different opinions of what the problem really is, they will constantly diverge and never be able to find closure on a suitable solution.

It is generally said that the word “BANK” has been originated in Italy. In the middle of 12th century there was a great financial crisis in Italy due to war. To meet the war expenses, the government of that period a forced subscribed loan on citizens of the country at the interest of 5% per annum such loans was known as “compare”, “Minto”. In Germany the word “Monte” was named as “Bank”.

It is also said that the word “Bank” has been derived from the word “Banco” which means a Banch. The Jews money lenders in Italy used to transact their business sitting on branches at different market places.

The word ‘Bank’ is used in the sense of a commercial bank. It is of Germanic origin though some person trace it origin to French word ‘Banqui’ and the Italian word ‘Banca’. It referred to a bench for keeping lending and exchanging of money lenders and money chargers. There was no such word as banking before 1640. All though the practice of safe keeping and saving flourished in the temple of Babylon as earlier as 2000 B.C. Chanakya in his Arthashastra written in about 300 B.C. mentioned about the existence of Merchant of Bankers who received deposits advanced loans and hundise.

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Effectiveness of Various Sales Promotional Activities of Arpita Bajaj

Sales Promotion is a Powerful Marketing Tool. Marketing promotion helps marketers communicate information to potential customer about the products existence value and the benefits that can be accrued from it. It comprises one of the four elements of the marketing mix. Designing and effective marketing communication mix helps marketers to attract persuade, urge and remind customers of the company’s brand.

Consumers have `something' to look forward to and there is also an opportunity given to them to articulate their experiences associated with the brand. This is not to suggest that the typical sales promotion more for same price or `one free' with a purchase should never be done.

To insure an excellent promotion the marketer must create a strong connection between the consumers. The connection must relate to the brand identity, the consumer and the understanding that promotions can and still move more than sales volume.

Compared with that communication option available to marketers in the past, there are now a larger and greater diversity of communication options available. Thus, the design implementation and evaluation of the communication program in the current business scenario pose a significant challenge to marketers.

Sales promotion is a form of attracting the consumers by offering them various benefits in the form of incentives or by adding value to the products. Sales promotions are generally aimed at resellers and final consumers. The various kinds of sales Promotional tools include coupons, discounts, rebates, samples, etc. most often organizations spend more money on sales promotions than on advertising.

The study is aimed at making an analysis of Arpita Bajaj in order to find out which sales promotional activities are helping them to increase their sales. The main rationale behind an analysis is to gain realistic corporate knowledge and for the purpose of value addition.

Management thesis helps in every possible way to get knowledge about sales promotion activities and its impact on Arpita Bajaj. The Findings & Suggestions helps Arpita Bajaj improve their existing strategies and to overcome any obstacles so that it results in long term survival of an organization.

Thesis results provides the data to know how sales promotion activities are building awareness about the organization and its products on a regular basis and what needs to be expected from the customers in return. The study is fully fledged in all magnitude here and the same has been collected by using primary data with market survey and by using questionnaires.

By conducting this study I came to know about the impact and effect of sales promotional activities on Arpita Bajaj and different sales promotion strategy followed by Arpita Bajaj to increase customer and sales.

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A Study on Procedures of Handling Absenteeism

In the production process Human Resources plays a crucial role. This is because of its capacity to control and coordinate the other two resources namely material, money. The another unique feature of the man power is that it is the only live component. Hence the presence or the absence of work force makes a significant difference in the production process.

Another interesting point absenteeism is identified only where there is a demand for unskilled work which demands for physical efforts. Here it should be noted that in the developed countries industrial absenteeism is not that severe problem to say. It is because of the mechanization, automation of the operations while in the third world countries like India absenteeism is a serious issue always drags the attention of management.

Absenteeism is the failure of the employee to report for work when they are scheduled to work. A worker is considered as scheduled to work when the employer has work available for him and the worker is aware of it. Absenteeism is undesirable because of its cost and operating problems it causes. Due to absenteeism facilities may be under– utilized and productivity may drop because of reduced out-put. There also may be increased hike in costs for replacements, substandard productions, the need for more help from supervisors and increased inspection costs partial absenteeism in that employees report late to work.

Absenteeism in Indian Industry is not a new phenomenon. High absenteeism prevails among industrial labour mainly due to their rural orientation since then, a number of individual researchers have investigated the problem and have pointed out that absenteeism in our industry varies from 7 to 30 percent.

Hence, the researcher carried out a STUDY on projectskart.com to know the seventy of the issue the industry selected for the STUDY is Kalyani Global Engineering Private Limited, Mysore.

The organization is situated in Mysore city. The company gets technical know how for assembling brakes from Meritor HVS USA, one of the leading industries in auto component industry in the global market. This company belongs to Kalyani Group and head office is situated at Pune. The company has turnover of Rs.120 crores and is targeting to reach Rs.180 crores.

The development of any organization depends on the regularity of employees. The study is conducted to know the various levels and reasons for absence of employees in an organization. By looking it, one can adopt corrective measures to decrease irregularities in the organization, leads to organizational growth. Naturally organization has to look in to these aspects and need to find suitable remedial measures so that qualitative and quantitative progress can be achieved. In this present study employees absenteeism is analysed in depth.

Important characteristics of Indian workers are that, they are in the habit of abstaining from work compared to workers of other countries. The rate of absenteeism ranges from 4.3% to 44.8%. It also varies with the seasons in the year, the highest being during May, June of every year (48% May 1993).

The main reasons for absenteeism are sickness, accidents or maternity. These factors accounted for about 1.1% to 6.6%. Social and religious causes as high as 1.7% to 14.2%. Other causes like visiting villages for attending litigation, rest, and recreation account for 0.1% to 17.5% of total absenteeism. Absenteeism is directly effects on the progress of the country and as such the company’s are facing a downward trend due to recession and all that are involved in the process are to be looked in to. So I have selected this work at Kalyani Global Engineering Private Limited., Mysore to identify the level of absenteeism and to facilitate the company to move in this direction and find some progressive results.

Naturally organization has to look in to these aspects and need to find suitable remedial measures so that qualitative and quantitative progress can be achieved. In this present study employees absenteeism is analysed in depth.

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A Study on Performance Evaluation of Equity Shares and Mutual Funds

In the current economic scenario interest rates are falling and fluctuation in the share market has put investors in confusion. One finds it difficult to take decision on investment. This is primarily, because of investments are risky in nature and investors have to consider various factors before investing in investment avenues.

These factors include risk, return, volatility of shares and liquidity. The main objective of comparing investment in equity shares with mutual fund schemes is to analyze the performance of mutual funds with their benchmark and comparing them with equities by using risk, return, beta and alpha as a parameter.

Historical data were taken for calculating risk, return, alpha and beta. Analysis has done on percentage method for comparing equity shares with mutual fund schemes. Compare to equities mutual funds are less risky with stable returns and mutual funds gives the investor a diversified portfolio. Those who have well knowledge in equity market they can go for equity investments rather than investing in mutual funds because no control on the expenses made by the fund manager.

The study will guide the new investor who wants to invest in equity and mutual fund schemes by providing knowledge about how to measure the risk and return of particular scrip or mutual fund scheme. The study recommends new investors to go for mutual funds rather than equities, because of high risk and market instability.

In the current economic scenario interest rates are falling and fluctuation in the share market has put investors in confusion. One finds it difficult to take decision on investment. This is primarily, because investments are risky in nature and investors have to consider various factors before investing in investment avenues. Therefore the study aims to compare equity and mutual fund schemes in form their risk, return & liquidity and also creating awareness about Equity and Mutual Fund Schemes among the investors.

Saving money is not enough. Each of us also need to invest one’s savings intelligently in order to have enough money available for funding the higher education of one’s children, for buying a house, or for one’s own golden years. But the rapidly growing number of investment avenues often led to confusion. Objectives of the study are to provide information to individual investors regarding their risk, and choosing the best investment options to match their goals and attitude to risk.

1. To compare Equity and Mutual Fund Schemes in respect of their risk & return.
2. Analyzing the performance of equity shares and mutual fund schemes with their benchmark.
3. Finding the Volatility of shares by using beta.
4. Provide information about pros and cons of investing in Equity and Mutual Funds portfolio management.

The study is limited to compare equity capital and mutual fund schemes in respect of their risk, return and liquidity. The study covers 5 randomly selected stocks out of 30 BSE, 50 Sensex companies and 5 randomly selected mutual fund schemes out of mutual fund industry in India for comparison. The analysis is strictly based on share price and unit price information. Other company performance indicators are not considered. It focuses on every month ending closing prices of during the period from 1st Apr, 2003 to 31st Mar, 2007.

The whole study can be termed as comparative study. It is also a desk research hence; there is no field work and collection of primary date for this research.

The study centres on comparing equity and mutual fund schemes in respect of their risk, return and liquidity. However, with the objective and scope of the study in mind, it was decided to base the study on return series of selected stocks and mutual fund schemes.

BSE being the premier exchange of India was chosen for selecting stocks. It is widely accepted that BSE Sensex is the one of the most reliable index of the stock exchange that reflects present day market condition. Since it is not possible to compare all the 30 scripts in the index with all Mutual Fund Schemes due to time and resource constraints, sampling techniques were considered. Randomly selected samples will facilitate inference of the population, in our case BSE Sensex and mutual fund industry in India. Hence by stratified random sampling 5 scrip’s out of 30 Sensex and 5 mutual fund schemes out of whole mutual fund industry were selected.

The initial examination of the composition of index revealed that it is composed of primarily two types of industries: manufacturing and services in the ratio of 3:2. there for to give correct picture appropriate weight was assigned to manufacturing industries and hence three scrip’s from manufacturing and two from service industries were randomly selected and in case of mutual funds it consists basically large cap, mid cap, small cap, sectorial funds and contra funds therefore one fund from each area were selected.

Monthly share price and unit prices of the selected scrip’s and units were collected from historical data. In order to avoid bias, at least three years monthly data was decided to be necessary. The reference period is from 1st Apr, 2003 to 31st Mar, 2007.

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A Study on Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal of Employees

Appraising the performance of the individual, groups and organization is a common practice of all societies. While in some instance these appraisal processes are structured and formally sanctioned, in other instances they are an integral and informal part of daily activities. The teacher evaluates the performance of student, banker evaluates the performance of creditors, parents evaluate the performance of their children and all of unconsciously or unconsciously evaluate our own action from time to time. In social interaction, performance evaluation is done in a haphazard an often unsystematic way. But in organization formal programs of evaluating employee and managerial performance-conducted in a systematic and planned manner have achieved popularity in recent years.

During and after world war-1, the systematic performance appraisal was quite prominent. Credit goes to Walter dill Scott for systematic performance appraisal technique of man to man rating system (or merit rating). It was used for evaluating military officers. Industrial concern also used this system during 1920 and 1940’s for evaluating hourly paid workers.

However with the increase of training and management development programs from 1950’s management started adopting performance appraisal for evaluating technical, skilled, professional and managerial personnel as a part of training and managerial development programs. With this evolutionary process, the term merit rating and been charged into employee appraisal or performance appraisal. This is not mere change in the term but a change in the scope of the activity as the emphasis of merit rating was limited to personnel traits, whereas performance appraisal covers result, accomplishment and performance.

Therefore performance appraisal enables employee to get incentive treatment according to their potential, sincerity and capabilities. They get motivated by which, performance appraisal benefits not only employee but also the management in the form of greater productive efficiency.

India is called the “country of villages” where it covers nearly 70% of its total area. In this relation we can say that Indian economy is base on rural activities and their development. Therefore we have to give prime importance to the rural activities.

A dairy is a place for handling milk and milk products. Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Dairy technology has been defined as that branch of dairy science which deals with the processing of milk and the milk products on an industrial scale. In developed dairying countries such as the USA the year 1850 is seen as the dividing line between farm and factory scale production.

Various factors distribute to this change in these countries such as the concentration of the population in cities where the jobs are plentiful, rapid industrialization, improvement of transportation facilities, development of machines etc., The rural areas are identified for the production, urban areas are for the processing of the milk.

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A Study on Performance Management of Mahindra and Mahindra

The management thesis focuses on Human resource study on performance management with reference to Mahindra and Mahindra. In the management thesis the information on the performance management is collected. The information about this is collected by the Show room which is located in Bidar as well as by the internet also.

I prepared a questionnaire to collect information from them. The main aim of the questionnaire is to collect the information of theory is practiced in practical or not. The questionnaire also helped me collect the information. It helped me to understand whether the employees are aware of the performance management or not.

I study that Successful organizations are embracing a new model of corporate performance management (CPM) – one that relies heavily on understanding data to improve future performance.

In their definitive text upon which this factsheet is based, Armstrong and Baron define performance management as 'a process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high levels of organizational performance. As such, it establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure that it is achieved'. They go on to stress that it is 'a strategy which relates to every activity of the organization set in the context of its human resource policies, culture, style and communications systems. The nature of the strategy depends on the organizational context and can vary from organization to organization.'

It is about sharing expectations. Managers can clarify what they expect individual and teams to do; likewise individuals and teams can communicate their expectations of how they should be managed and what they need to do their jobs. It follows that performance management is about interrelationships and about improving the quality of relationships - between managers and individuals, between managers and teams, between members of teams and so on, and is therefore a joint process. It is also about planning - defining expectations expressed as objectives and in business plans - and about measurement; the old dictum is 'If you can't measure it, you can't manage it'. It should apply to all employees, not just managers, and to teams as much as individuals. It is a continuous process, not a one-off event. Last but not least, it is holistic and should pervade every aspect of running an organization.

Because performance management is (or should be) so all-pervasive, it needs structures to support it. These should provide a framework to help people operate, and to help them to help others to operate. But it should not be a rigid system; there needs to be a reasonable degree of flexibility to allow people freedom to operate. Performance management is a process, not an event. It operates as a continuous cycle. Corporate strategic goals provide the starting point for business and departmental goals, followed by agreement on performance and development, leading to the drawing up of plans between individuals and managers, with continuous monitoring and feedback supported by formal reviews.

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A Study on Level of employee Job satisfaction in Bharathi Associates

Job satisfaction describes how content an individual is with his or her job. It is a relatively recent term since in previous centuries the jobs available to a particular person were often predetermined by the occupation of the person’s parent. There are a variety of factors that can influence a person’s level of job satisfaction. Some of these factors include the level of pay and benefits, the perceived fairness of the promotion system within a company, the quality of the working conditions, leadership and social relationships, the job itself( the variety of tasks involved, the interest and challenge the job generates, and clarity of the job description/ requirements)

It is said that satisfied employee is a productive employee, any kind of grievance relating to organizational or personal to a greater extent influence on the job. So every organization is giving higher priority to keep their employees with satisfaction by providing several facilities which improves satisfaction and which reduces dissatisfaction.

Job Satisfaction is considered as a key issue by the entrepreneur where efforts are taken and programs are initiated. If an employee is not satisfied with the job there are chances for absenteeism, lob turnover, lower productivity. committing of mistakes, diverting energy for different types of conflicts keeping this thing in view all organizations are trying to identify the areas where satisfaction to be improved to get out of the above dangers

In this connection a survey was conducted on behalf of “Bharathi Associates” to identify the level of satisfaction in terms of strongly agree to strongly disagree on various job related factors. The Indian food industry is estimated to be worth over US $200 billion and according to the confederation of Indian industry (CII) is expected to grow to US $310 billion by 2015. India is one of the world’s major food products but accounts for less then 1.5 percent of international food trade. This indicates vast scope for both investors and exports.

India is the world second largest producer of food next to China, and has the potential of being the biggest with the food and agricultural sector. In this respect, the country is endowed with a large production base for a variety of raw materials covering food crops, commercial crops and fibers due to its varied agro-climatic conditions.

India is world’s largest producer of cereals and milk; second largest producer of rice, wheat sugar, fruits, and vegetables; third in cotton; and seventh largest producer of fish. Also, India has the highest number of plants approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) outside the USA.

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A Study on Job Rotation with special reference to Syndicate Bank

Increasing productivity, new product development, creativity and cutting time to market require a stable and productive work force. The stability and productivity of the work force can be dramatically increased by ensuring that every employee is challenged and excited about their job. Employee turnover and the associated loss of tacit and explicit knowledge disrupt team effectiveness and also slow product development.

An effective way of reducing turnover is a well thought out job rotation programme. Job Rotation Programmes (JRP) can not only reduce turnover but they also increase learning, and provide depth and strength of knowledge in the organization. Rotation programmes are more common in the development of top executives but there are also many reasons to use them for technical and new hire positions.

Since late 1980’s Job Rotation has been developed and mainstreamed as an active labor market tool in Denmark. Job Rotation originated in Denmark as a collaborative development amongst trade unions, employers and training institutes.

Many successful companies encourage rapid job rotation. Some have informal programmes while some have it as an essential part in their company’s employee development strategy.
Job rotation is where an individual is moved through a schedule of assignments designed to give that individual a breadth of exposure to the entire operation. The term job rotation can also mean the scheduled exchange of persons in offices, especially in public offices.

The word ‘Bank’ is used in the sense of a commercial bank. It is of Germanic origin though some person trace it origin to French word ‘Banqui’ and the Italian word ‘Banca’. It referred to a bench for keeping lending and exchanging of money lenders and money chargers. There was no such word as banking before 1640. All though the practice of safe keeping and saving flourished in the temple of Babylon as earlier as 2000 B.C. Chanakya in his Arthashastra written in about 300 B.C. mentioned about the existence of Merchant of Bankers who received deposits advanced loans and hundise.

The 1st bank in India was the ‘Bank of Hindustan’ started in 1770 by Alexander and co., an English agency house in Kolkata which failed in 1782 with the closer of the agency house. But the 1st bank in the modern sense was established in the Bengal presidency as the Bank of Bengal in 1806.

Merchant bankers issued ‘Hundis’ to remit funds in India such Merchant bankers were known as Seth’s. The next stage in the growth of banking was the Goldsmith he started charging something for taking care of the money and bullion.

The next stage in the growth of banking is the money lenders, the goldsmith found that on an average the withdrawal of coins were much less than the deposits with him. So he started advancing the coins on loan by charging interest as a safeguard he kept some money in the reserve thus the goldsmith –money lenders became a banker who started performing the 2 functions of modern banking that of accepting deposit and advancing loan.


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A Study on Investment Pattern of Investors on Different Products

An investment refers to the commitment of funds at present, in anticipation of some positive rate of return in future. Today the spectrum of investment is indeed wide. An investment is confronted with array of investment avenues. Among all investment, investment in equity is in best high proportion. This is because the history of stock market is booming and bursts overnight millionaires, an instant pauper.

Indian economy is doing indeed well in recent years. The study has been undertaken to analyze the investment pattern of investment community. The main reasons behind the study are the factors like income, economy condition, and the risk covering nature of the Indian investors. The percentage of Indian investors investing in the Indian equity market is very less as compared to foreign investors.

This study has been undertaken in Asit C. Mehta Investment Interrmediates Ltd. (ACMIIL), which was incorporated in the year 1986. And the company, which is, diversified into many fields like securities, insurance, distribution, commodities and investment services.

This project contains the investors’ preferences and as well as the different factors that affect investors decision on the different investment avenues most of them investors are the clients of Asit C. Mehta Investment Interrmediates Ltd., which provides a complete bouquet of products in equity, debt, commodities, forex, depository, derivatives and allied services in India .

This study includes response of investor in choosing securities in each classification and analysis has been for the respective performance based on their returns. The findings relates to the outperforming products and investors risk taking ability while investing in each different products.
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A Study on Investment Behavior of Women Investors

Financial investment is the purchase of a financial security, such as a stock, bond, or mortgage. Investment in human capital is spending on education, training, health services, and other activities that increase the productivity of the workforce. It is the use of money for the purpose of making more money, to gain income, increase capital, or both. The purchasing of stocks, bonds, mutual funds, options, real estate, etc., made with the expectation of future income or capital gains is investment.

As a woman, and an investor, shaping of financial future is as important as the many other roles they play in life. That's why taking control today is essential for realizing their dreams for tomorrow. Whether women are just beginning to develop their investment strategy or are refining a current one, it's important to keep in mind that they should build a financial legacy for long term. At various stages of your life, you are faced with important investment and financial decisions. Your success in making these decisions with the help of a sound investment strategy can have a major impact on your income, net worth and, ultimately, quality of life in retirement.

Women today have more earning potential and more influence over financial decisions than ever before. Women represent almost half of the workforce and many businesses are owned or managed by women. Many women influence or control the majority of all consumer purchase decisions and many of the investment decisions. As a result, it is important for women to focus on finances now more than ever.

Throughout their lives, as a woman, they will be faced with different financial challenges than their male counterparts. If women are going to take control of their financial future, it’s important that they recognize those differences and empower themselves.

Earning money is only half the equation for achieving financial independence. Effectively putting your money to work for you is equally important. Though the size of household income matters, how to manage the money women have — to meet short-term obligations as well as long-term goals — determines how they live today and in the future. That's why taking control of their finances is so important. The challenges of investing are unique for each individual. In addition, circumstances are frequently different for women — and whatever choices you make will be better as a result of greater knowledge of the underlying issues and your options.

For this purpose a thorough understanding of financial planning is important for all investors. Financial planning is the process of meeting one’s life goals through the proper management of his/her finances. Life goals can include buying a home, saving for your child's education or planning for retirement. The financial planning process consists of six steps that help people to take a "big picture" look at where they are financially. Using these six steps, women can work out where they are now, what they may need in the future and what they must do to reach their goals.

The process involves gathering relevant financial information, setting life goals, examining current financial status by women and coming up with a strategy or plan for how they can meet their goals given their current situation and future plans. Financial and personal satisfaction is the result of an organized process that is commonly referred to as personal money management or personal financial planning.

Personal financial planning is the process of managing investor’s money to achieve personal economic satisfaction. This planning process allows him/her to control their financial situation. Every person, family, or household has a unique financial position, and any financial activity therefore must also be carefully planned to meet specific needs and goals.

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Coffee is one of the healthy drinks among all the beverages. If we think about refreshment, coffee is the first thing comes to our mind. In rainy and winter seasons the usage of coffee is more and it has become a part of human beings life. Caffeine is a substance found in coffee plants, which stimulates the central nervous system.

Before 1200 A.D., the coffee industry had spread along the red sea to Aden and cargo in Ethiopia. Then coffee was sold through Mediterranean Sea. Most pilgrims had started to cultivate coffee in India about 1600 A.D. Large scale coffee cultivation started in Brazil. In 1729 A.D., it produced 200,000 bags and in 1825 A.D., it was 3 million bags. After 80 years, they started coffee export and reached 4 million bags. Brazil coffee market reached surplus because of uncontrolled production and cultivation of coffee. In past 20 years coffee trade from Africa has grown more rapidly than elsewhere and contributed rapidly to the growing surplus. The Central American countries have increased their share to world coffee exports from about 5% in 1990 A.D to about 14% in 1970. This growth had occurred with mild coffees, which command and favorable. The highest consumption of coffee is recorded in the U.S which had about 450 million consumers and the rest of the world about 2450 million consumers.

Today 25 million people worldwide are provided with direct employment in coffee and considering the farmers and the employment effect of coffee related services at least 100 million people depend in coffee as major source of income.

The world coffee production in 1999-2000 forecast at the rate of a 107.5 million bag and that is 14% above the revised 1998-99 crop and up 3% on the previous record of 1997-98. Brazil’s 1998-99 products are forecasted at the rate of 35.8 million bags and Columbia at the rate of 11.0 million bags. These two countries will account for approximately 44% of the world’s production, which is normally 36-37%. North American producing countries including Central America produces 20% of the world’s coffee production.

In  1990,  world  production  was  93  million  bags.  Where  world’s  domestic consumption was 21.5 million bags and world’s exportable production is 71.5 million bags. In 1990 Arabica captures 75.5% of the world production and rest 24.3% followed by Robusta.

Today coffee grown and exported by own to developing countries in the world. It is estimated that in 2002, over 95 million bags of coffee were consumed world wide. Of these, 21.5 million bags were consumed in coffee producing countries themselves while over 73.9 million bags were consumed in importing in 2001, which is followed by countries like German, France, Japan, UAE, and Italy.

Here we have concentrated on coffee, which is considered as a traditional drinks especially in south India. People here start their everyday life with a cup of coffee. Not only in south India but in all parts of the world people are so dependent and addicted to coffee that it acts as a daily schedule to everybody everywhere. But this coffee is not grown in all parts of the world but is grown in very few places with right kind or weather, atmosphere and most important of all, the soil of that region. It is usually grown in hill stations with adequate amount of rainfall and such places, which are high above sea level. Therefore in India, Karnataka is such a place, especially South Karnataka that produces the highest amount of coffee in whole India. Most parts of Karnataka such as Chikmagalur district and many parts in Hassan District, and also Coorg.

So people here feel proud to be citizen of such place where coffee takes its birth. So that being the main reason, I have concentrated on a organization which has its roots spread very vast in coffee industry and is a major player in worlds import/export of coffee and deals in coffee beans curing activities present in Hassan.

Indian coffee industry is defiantly a huge sized industry which plays a very major role in the world market of coffee. India at present is in 8th place in its contribution of coffee and its plantation in the whole world and 1st place being Brazil.

But not all parts of India produces coffee. It is grown mostly in south India and highest part of its growth from the whole India is in Karnataka, that is from districts of Hassan, Chickmagalur and Coorg. Rest is grown in states of Tamilnadu, Andrapradesh, Kerla and other northern parts such as Sikkim and Nagaland.

So as shown in the next table about the quantity of coffee that is produced in the whole India we come to know that the whole output of India is 2.88 lack tones coffee per annul, more than 2 lack tones is grown only in Karnataka and rest in other parts of India as mentioned in the table below. So among 2.06 lack tones of whole Karnataka’s coffee production, ABCTCL has a huge contribution to coffee exports among the many competitors in the same business as mentioned earlier.

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A Study on Formulation of Costing System

Modern business needs frequent cost information about business activities to plan accurately for the future, to control business results and to make a proper appraisal of the performance of persons working in the organization. The fulfillment of these goals requires details about the costs incurred and benefits (revenues) obtained which are provided by “cost accounting”.
Financial accounting is developed over the time to record, summarize and present the financial transactions or events, which can be expressed in terms of money. This function was primarily concerned with record-keeping leading to preparation of Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet. The information obtained through financial accounts is useful to the shareholders, creditors, financial analysts, labour union, government authorities etc. However, the information generated by financial accountancy for several purposes is not sufficient for decision making in many areas, such as:

1. Acquisition of plant and machinery or other assets;
2. Determining product selection-addition or dropping or changing product combination in case of multi product company;
3. Determining output level;
4. Determining or revising prices of products;
5. Whether profit earned is optimum as compared with competitors as well as earlier years.

The need of data for such details led to the development of cost accountancy. The Institute of Cost and Management Accountants, London, has defined cost accountancy as the “application of costing and cost accounting principles, methods and techniques to the science, art and practice of cost control and ascertainment of profitability as well as presentation of information for the purpose of managerial decision-making”. Thus, it includes costing, cost accounting, budgetary control, cost control and cost audit.

The Institute of Cost and Management Accountants, London, has defined costing as the ascertainment of costs. Costing includes the “techniques” and “processes” of ascertaining costs. The ‘techniques’ refers to the principles and rules which are applied for ascertaining costs of products manufactured and services rendered. The ‘process’ includes the day to day routine of determining costs within the method of costing adopted by the business enterprise.

The law does not compel to install a costing system. However, the Government has the power to order installation of such system in such industries as the Government may deem fit. The system of costing is installed by the organizations on the grounds of its utility. A system of costing has to be designed to suit the needs of the organization. A good system of costing helps to achieve the objectives. It has the following essentials:
1. Flexibility- The system should have flexibility or adaptability to meet the changing needs of the organization. Expansion or contraction should be adopted with minimum change.
2. Integrated- It should be a well-knit integrated with financial accounting system. The original records are available under financial accounts. The need for co-relation between two cannot be over-emphasized.
3. Promptness- Any information or report is useful only if the same is furnished regularly and without any delay. The Cost Accounting System should ensure this aspect.
4. Accuracy- The system should ensure accurate information. To ensure this, the system should provide checks to verify data compiled in a systematic manner.
5. Smooth flow of data- Coat Accounting needs flow of data from every section in the organization and also reports on the performance of individuals. The objective of this system should be properly explained.
6. Continuous review- The system should be constantly reviewed and supervised, so that it gives what is expected of it. If it is not done, the system may become static.
7. Economy- The system should be economical and should not create financial burden on the organization.
8. Comparability- The system should enable the management to compare the data with the past. It should also facilitate departmental comparison.
9. Reconciliation- The system should facilitate reconciliation between cost accountancy and financial accounting easily.
10. Simplicity- The system should be as simple as possible.
11. Standardization- Forms and procedures under this system should be standardized.
12. Management support- The management at all levels should support the system and in its operations.

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A Study on Employees Absenteeism

Important characteristics of Indian workers are that, they are in the habit of abstaining from work compared to workers of other countries. The rate of Absenteeism ranges from 4.3% to 44.8%.It also varies with the seasons in the year, the highest being during May, June of every year. The main reasons for absenteeism are sickness, accidents or maternity.

These factors accounted for about 1.1 to 6.6%. Social and religious causes as high as 1.7% to14.2 %.Other causes like visiting villages for attending litigation, rest, and recreation account for 0.1% to17.5 % of total absenteeism. Absenteeism is directly effects on the progress of the country and as such the companies are facing a downward trend due to recession and all that are involved in the process are to be looked into. So I have selected this work at GO GO INTERNATIONAL Pvt. Ltd., Hassan to identify the level of absenteeism and to facilitate the company to move in this direction and find some progressive results. Naturally organization has to look in to these aspects and need to find suitable remedial measures so that qualitative and quantitative progress can be achieved. In this present study Employees Absenteeism is analysed in depth.

Indian textile industry can be compared to a pyramid of ice floating in water. “Only one tenth of the pyramid is visible, in the form of large textile mills in the organized sector. The body of the textile pyramid consists of the decentralized power loom and handloom sectors, which account for the bulk of India’s production. The base of the pyramid is the downstream apparel and household textile sectors.

The entire pyramid employs about fifteen million (as in 2007, it was estimated 20 million) workers-most of whom work in small firms in the decentralized sector”. Indeed, the structure of the Indian textile industry is as varied and deep-rooted as is its reform, challenging and daunting Indian textile and clothing industry is the largest foreign exchange earner for the country, and employs over 20 million people, second only to agriculture. India cannot afford to let this industry grow sick. That would be nothing short of a human tragedy. Until the era of globalization liberalization was launched at the opening of the current decade, the domestic market was a protected turf, and a seller’s market.

However, with the forces of globalization having been unleashed, and accentuated by the coming into force of the WTO in 1995, there is no looking back. The world has changed and is changing. In the borderless world, only the fittest would survive. Indian textile and clothing industry is beset with several shortcomings, in no small measure due to the lop-sided govt. policy in the post-1947 India.

But now it must change. It must change if it is not be blows away by the global market forces, both in the international market as well as by imports in the domestic territory.

And contrary to the common refrain of the industrialists in textile industry, the onus of infusing a refreshing change lies more on the industry (firms) than on the government. This is not to be little the significant role of a facilitator that govt alone can provide. But competitive strategy originates at the level of the firm. No amount of macroeconomic change can make the firms in the industry competitive. The govt. must evolve a national policy, which can act as a general guideline for the firms to define their unique positioning strategy. Given the national environment, the firms must control their own destiny, or someone else will.

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A Study on Level of Employee Job Satisfaction in HAMUL

India is called the “country of villages” where it covers nearly 70% of its total area. In this relation we can say that Indian economy is base on rural activities and their development. Therefore we have to give prime importance to the rural activities.

A dairy is a place for handling milk and milk products. Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Dairy technology has been defined as that branch of dairy science which deals with the processing of milk and the milk products on an industrial scale.

In developed dairying countries such as the USA the year 1850 is seen as the dividing line between farm and factory scale production. Various factors distribute to this change in these countries such as the concentration of the population in cities where the jobs are plentiful, rapid industrialization, improvement of transportation facilities, development of machines etc., The rural areas are identified for the production, urban areas are for the processing of the milk.

Around 1500 BC to 2000 BC the Aryans were first to domesticate cattle. Use them for tilling their land obtain milk to be consumed as food. Again it were Aryans who priced the milk of a cow more than its meat, forbade its slaughter, created legends about it and even worshiped it. Hindus even to this day consider cow as sacred. Besides it were only the East (India/China) which domesticated buffalo as milch animal succeeded so well that today, more than half the total production of milk in India is obtained from buffalo.

Most of the farmers have one milk animal, they sell the milk through local milk contractors or middlemen. These traders have always exploited the poor and uneducated milk producers. It was in the late forties, when integrated approach for dairy development based on farmers owned milk co-operative was first adopted at Anand. The system includes milk procurement productions and marketing through farmer co-operatives.

In India, the market milk technology may be considered to have commenced in1950 with the functioning of the Central Dairy of Aarey Milk Colony and milk product technology in 1956 with the establishment of AMUL dairy, Anand. The system of collective ownership, operation and control of milk trade by farmers came to be known as ANAND PATTERN. Anand pattern has given them an opportunity to have access to the modern technology.

The premises institution NDDB and IDC for application of the Anand pattern throughout the country. The whole project under which replication was envisioned, is named as “operation flood”. The success of Anand pattern depends as establishing a strong co operative infrastructure at the grass root level, making economically viable to strengthen.

Dairy industry offers employment opportunity to the people so as to help the farmers to get fair price of milk. The farmers are provided with medical facilities to their cattle. Milk is becoming an alternative life line in our rural economy. With the advent of white revolution that is “SKHEERA KRANTI” in the same pattern of Denmark and Holland.

Export of dairy products plays an important role in our foreign trade. It increases the foreign exchange and national income of our country and also economic development of our country.

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Effectiveness of CRM in HDFC Standard Life Insurance into Increase the Sales

The CRM software are one of the great tools for life insurance sector where they can track their customers term insurance, tax saving investments, life insurance, in a customization and user friendly way. Life Insurance in its modern form came to India from England in the year 1818. Oriental Life Insurance Company started by Europeans in Calcutta was the first life insurance company on Indian Soil.

All the insurance companies established during that period were brought up with the purpose of looking after the needs of European community and these companies were not insuring Indian natives. However, later with the efforts of eminent people like Babu Muttylal Seal, the foreign life insurance companies started insuring Indian lives. But Indian lives were being treated as sub-standard lives and heavy extra premiums were being charged on them. Bombay Mutual Life Assurance Society heralded the birth of first Indian life insurance company in the year 1870, and covered Indian lives at normal rates.

Starting as Indian enterprise with highly patriotic motives, insurance companies came into existence to carry the message of insurance and social security through insurance to various sectors of society. Bharat Insurance Company (1896) was also one of such companies inspired by nationalism.

With largest number of life insurance policies in force in the world, Insurance happens to be a mega opportunity in India. It’s a business growing at the rate of 15-20 per cent annually and presently is of the order of Rs 450 billion. Together with banking services, it adds about 7 percent to the coun-try’s GDP. Gross premium collection is nearly 2 per cent of GDP and funds available with LIC for investments are 8 per cent of GDP.

Yet, nearly 80 per cent of Indian population is without life insurance cover while health insurance and non-life insurance continues to be below international standards. And this part of the population is also subject to weak social security and pension systems with hardly any old age income security. It is an indicator that growth potential for the insurance sector is im-mense.

A well-developed and evolved insurance sector is needed for econom-ic development as it provides long term funds for infrastructure development and at the same time strengthens the risk taking ability. It is estimated that over the next ten years India would require investments of the order of one trillion US dollar. The Insurance sector, to some extent, can enable invest-ments in infrastructure development to sustain economic growth of the coun-try.

Insurance is a federal subject in India. There are two legislations that govern the sector- The Insurance Act- 1938 and the IRDA Act- 1999. The insurance sector in India has come a full circle from being an open competi-tive market to nationalization and back to a liberalized market again. Tracing the developments in the Indian insurance sector reveals the 360-degree turn witnessed over a period of almost two centuries.

The history of life insurance in India dates back to 1818 when it was conceived as a means to provide for English Widows. Interestingly in those days a higher premium was charged for Indian lives than the non-Indian lives as Indian lives were considered more risky for coverage.

The Bombay Mutual Life Insurance Society started its business in 1870. It was the first company to charge same premium for both Indian and non-Indian lives. The Oriental Assurance Company was estab-lished in 1880. The General insurance business in India, on the other hand, can trace its roots to the Triton (Tital) Insurance Company Limited, the first general insurance company established in the year 1850 in Calcutta by the British. Till the end of nineteenth century insurance business was almost en-tirely in the hands of overseas companies.

Insurance regulation formally began in India with the passing of the Life Insurance Companies Act of 1912 and the provident fund Act of 1912. Several frauds during 20's and 30's sullied insurance business in India. By 1938 there were 176 insurance companies.

The first comprehensive legislation was introduced with the Insurance Act of 1938 that provided strict State Control over insurance business. The insurance business grew at a faster pace after independence. Indian compa-nies strengthened their hold on this business but despite the growth that was witnessed, insurance remained an urban phenomenon.

The Government of India in 1956, brought together over 240 private life insurers and provident societies under one nationalized monopoly corpo-ration and Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) was born. Nationalization was justified on the grounds that it would create much needed funds for rapid in-dustrialization. This was in conformity with the Government's chosen path of State lead planning and development.

The (non-life) insurance business continued to thrive with the private sector till 1972. Their operations were restricted to organized trade and industry in large cities. The general insurance industry was nationalized in 1972. With this, nearly 107 insurers were amalgamated and grouped into four companies- National Insurance Company, New India Assurance Company, Oriental Insurance Company and United India Insurance Company. These were subsidiaries of the General Insurance Company (GIC).



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A Study on Consumer Behavior towards Bajaj Pulsar 150 CC

This project focuses on consumer behavir towards Bajaj Pulsar 150 CC bike, colours, price, model and specifications in Hassan city. We will start with learning the backgroud of the product. The Encyclopaedia describes a motorcycle as a bicycle or tricycle propelled by an internal-combustion engine (or, less often, by an electric engine).

The motors on minibikes, scooters, and mopeds, are usually air-cooled and range from 25 to 250 cubic cm (1.5 to 15 cubic inches) in displacement, the multiple-cylinder motorcycles have displacements of more than 1,300 cubic cm.
The automobile was the reply to the 19th-century dream of self-propelling the horse-drawn carriage. Similarly, the invention of the motorcycle created the self-propelled bicycle. The first commercial design was a three-wheeler built by Edward Butler in Great Britain in 1884. This employed a horizontal single-cylinder gasoline engine mounted between two steer able front wheels and connected by a drive chain to the rear wheel.

The 1900s saw the conversion of many bicycles, or pedal cycles by adding small, centrally mounted spark ignition engines. There was then felt the need for reliable constructions. This led to road trial tests and competition between manufacturers.

Tourist Trophy (TT) races were held on the Isle of Man in 1907 as reliability or endurance races. Such were the proving ground for many new ideas from early two-stroke-cycle designs to supercharged, multivalent engines mounted on aerodynamic, carbon fiber reinforced bodywork.

The two-wheeler industry today has a significant role in the Indian Economy. With an annual turnover of Rs. 6,200 crores and a compounded average growth of 10 per -cent in the recent years, it is one if the few industrial sectors in the growth phase today. The reasons for this are not far to seek. The consumer’s who wants to be mobile today considers personal transportation as one of his basic needs.

In India, the two-wheeler is used in variety of purposes, particularly in urban areas communicating to work, visiting people, carrying loads, outdoors jobs like selling and the like. In rural areas, it enables people to travel more frequently to nearby towns for their daily needs. In other words, it has also become a valuable support for increasing productivity and profits, besides helping personal transportation.

The year 1997 was a difficult period for the automobile sector with the major sector with major player hit by the recession. However, two- wheelers came through un- scratched with a modest three per cent growth. One of the primary reasons for this has been the robust growth of the rural market. A series of good monsoons and high prices for agricultural commodities have increased the purchasing power of rural customers. Today, the rural market of over six lakhs Indian villages contributes 35 percent to total two wheeler sales.

In the modern world the Motorcycles are playing an important role as a means of convenient transportation. They are really a benefit to mankind. It is deemed to be the best means of transportation to be in the city, in fact it has become a fashion to ride the two wheeler in city, some take it for necessity, someone for prestige or status, someone for fun and others for transportation from one comes to another.

In this project report an attempt is made to bring out the details regarding history, development and dynamic growth of automobiles, growth of “Bajaj Auto Ltd” and competition in present market for two wheelers, attempts have also been made to provide certain suggestions and conclusions for the improvement and development of the product.

In this project report an attempt is made to bring out the details regarding history, development and dynamic growth of automobiles, growth of “Arpita Bajaj” and Competition in present market for two wheelers, attempts have also been made to provide certain suggestions and conclusions for the improvement and development of the product.

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