Financial Analysis on Recession Period at M&M Tractors

Financial Analysis (also stated as financial plan analysis or accounting analysis) refers to an assessment of the viability, stability and profitableness of a business, sub-business or project.

It is performed by professionals World Health Organization prepare reports exploitation ratios that create use of data taken from monetary statements and different reports. These reports area unit typically given to prime management mutually of their bases in creating business selections. supported these reports, management may:

1. Continue or discontinue its main operation or a part of its business; create or purchase bound materials within the manufacture of its product;
2. Acquire or rent/lease bound machineries and instrumentation within the production of its goods;
3. Issue stocks or hash out for a loan to extend its operating capital; create selections concerning finance or disposal capital;
4. different selections that enable management to form AN au courant choice on varied alternatives within the conduct of its business.

Comparing monetary ratios is simply a method of conducting monetary analysis. monetary ratios face many theoretical challenges:

1. they assert very little concerning the firm's prospects in AN absolute sense. Their insights concerning relative performance need a point of reference from different time periods or similar companies.
2. One magnitude relation holds very little which means. As indicators, ratios are often logically understood in a minimum of 2 ways in which. One will part overcome this drawback by combining many connected ratios to color a additional comprehensive image of the firm's performance.
3. seasonal factors might stop year-end values from being representative. A ratio's values is also distorted as account balances modification from the start to the top of AN accounting amount. Use average values for such accounts whenever potential. monetary ratios aren't any additional objective than the accounting ways utilized. Changes in accounting policies or decisions will yield drastically completely different magnitude relation values.
4. They fail to account for exogenous factors like capitalist behavior that don't seem to be based mostly upon economic fundamentals of the firm or the overall economy.

Financial analysts can even use proportion analysis that involves reducing a series of figures as a proportion of some base quantity. as an example, a bunch of things are often expressed as a proportion of earnings. once proportionate changes within the same figure over a given period expressed as a proportion is grasp as horizontal analysis.

Vertical or common-size analysis, reduces all things on an announcement to a ―common size as a proportion of some base worth that assists in equivalence with different corporations of various sizes.
Another technique is comparative analysis. This provides a stronger thanks to verify trends. Comparative analysis presents constant info for 2 or longer periods and is given side-by-side to permit for simple analysis.

A prolonged decline in activity across the economy that lasts longer than a couple of months; recessions have a negative impact on industrial production, employment, real financial gain, and wholesale-retail trade. Technically, a recession is claimed to possess occurred once there are 2 consecutive quarters of negative economic process as measured by a country's gross domestic product (GDP).


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Performance Evaluation of Indian Mutual Funds

This study has been undertaken to evaluate the performance of the Indian Mutual Funds vis-à-vis the Indian stock market. For the purpose of this study, 21 open ended equity based growth mutual funds were selected as the sample. The data, which is the weekly NAV’s of the funds and the closing of the BSE Sensex, were collected for a period of 5 years starting 19/03/2004 to 13/02/2009.

Different statistical tools were used on the data obtained to get the average returns, absolute returns, standard deviation, Fund Beta, R-squared value, residual value, Relative Performance Index were calculated. These variables of the funds were compared with www.projectskart.com the same variables of the market to assess how the different funds have performed against the market.


A Statistical test, Mann Whitney U-Test, was done on the returns of the fund with respect to the Sensex returns. Another U-Test was done taking absolute return as the variable. These U- Test were done to test the hypothesis which was that the fund returns over the period of time are similar to the market returns over the period of time.

All the funds were classified into a hierarchical cluster on the basis of their average returns, absolute returns, standard deviation, fund beta, and relative performance index. This classification was to see whether the funds have similar properties or not.

All the mutual funds gave similar returns with respect to the market expect for certain time period which was during the late 2005 and early 2006. There is a positive correlation with the absolute returns of the market and the mutual funds over the period of time. The study showed that the standard deviation of the funds were high during the boom period in comparison with the market and were comparatively lower when the recessionary trend started. The fund betas also show that there is significant correlation between the fund returns and the market returns. Of the 21 funds considered for this study, 7 funds had RPI less than 0.7, 3 funds had RPI of almost 1 and 11 funds had RPI of more than 1.

The results of the U-Test showed that all the funds are accepting the hypothesis that is they are giving returns in sync with the market except for one fund which is UTI CCP Advantage growth fund, whose returns vary significantly from the market returns. With the help of clustering it was seen that a lot of different funds have similar properties and so were classified into one cluster. There were a few outliers who didn’t have any property in common with the other funds but still behaved more or less in the same way as the market and other funds. A U-Test was also done on the absolute returns and the results of this were also similar to www.projectskart.com the U-Test on average returns, that is, for UTI CCP Advantage Fund the returns were not similar to the market returns and varied significantly.

The mutual fund industry has been in India for a long time. This came into existence in 1963 with the establishment of Unit Trust of India, a joint effort by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India. The next two decades from 1986 to 1993 can be termed as the period of public sector funds with entry of new public sector players into the mutual fund industry namely, Life Insurance Corporation of India and General Insurance Corporation of India.

The year of 1993 marked the beginning of a new era in the Indian mutual fund industry with the entry of private players like Morgan Stanley, J.P Morgan, and Capital International1. This was the first time when the mutual fund regulations came into existence. SEBI (Security Exchange Board of India) was established under which all the mutual funds in India were required to be registered. SEBI was set up as a governing body to protect the interest of investor. By the end of 2008, the number of players in the industry grew enormously with 462 fund houses functioning in the country.

With the rise of the mutual fund industry, establishing a mutual fund association became a prerequisite. This is when AMFI (Association of Mutual Funds India) was set up in 1995 as a nonprofit organization. Today AMFI ensures mutual funds function in a professional and healthy manner thereby protecting the interest of the mutual funds as well as its investors.

The mutual fund industry is considered as one of the most dominant players in the world economy and is an important constituent of the financial sector and India is no exception. The industry has witnessed startling growth in terms of the products and services offered, returns churned, volumes generated and the international players who have contributed to this growth. Today the industry offers different schemes ranging from equity and debt to fixed income and money market.

The market has graduated from offering plain vanilla and equity debt products to an array of diverse products such as gold funds, exchange traded funds (ETF’s), and capital protection oriented funds and even thematic funds. In addition investments www.projectskart.com in overseas markets have also been a significant step. Due credit for this evolution can be given to the regulators for building an appropriate framework and to the fund houses for launching such different products. All these reasons have encouraged the traditional conservative investor, from parking fund in fixed deposits and government schemes to investing in other products giving higher returns.

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Employees Perception Towards Training at HAMUL

Employee training tries to improve skills or add to the existing level of knowledge so that employee is better equipped to do his present job or to prepare him for a higher position with increased responsibilities. Organizational growth need to be measured along with individual growth.

Training refers to the learning activities done for the primary purpose of helping employees of the organization to acquire and apply the knowledge skills, abilities and attitudinal needs required by that organization to acquire and apply. Broadly speaking training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skill of an employee for doing a particular job.

In today’s scenario change is the order of the day and the only way to deal with it is to learn and grow. Employees have become vital part to success or failure of an organization they are the cornucopia of ideas. So it is high time the organization realize that “train and retain is the mantra of new millennium.”

India is called the “country of villages” where it covers nearly 70% of its total area. In this relation we can say that Indian economy is base on rural activities and their development. Therefore we have to give prime importance to the rural activities.

A dairy is a place for handling milk and milk products. Technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Dairy technology has been defined as that branch of dairy science which deals with the processing of milk and the milk products on an industrial scale. In developed dairying countries such as the USA the year 1850 is seen as the dividing line between farm and factory scale production. Various factors distribute to this change in these countries such as the concentration of the population in cities where the jobs are plentiful, rapid industrialization, improvement of transportation facilities, development of machines etc., The rural areas are identified for the production, urban areas are for the processing of the milk.

Around 1500 BC to 2000 BC the Aryans were first to domesticate cattle. Use them for tilling their land obtain milk to be consumed as food. Again it were Aryans who priced the milk of a cow more than its meat, forbade its slaughter, created legends about it and even worshipped it. Hindus even to this day consider cow as sacred. Besides it were only the East (India/China) which domesticated buffalo as milch animal succeeded so well that today, more than half the total production of milk in India is obtained from buffalo.

Most of the farmers have one milk animal, they sell the milk through local milk contractors or middlemen. These traders have always exploited the poor and uneducated milk producers. It was in the late forties, when integrated approach for dairy development based on farmers owned milk co-operative was first adopted at Anand. T

he system includes milk procurement productions and marketing through farmer co-operatives. In India, the market milk technology may be considered to have commenced in1950 with the functioning of the Central Dairy of Aarey Milk Colony and milk product technology in 1956 with the establishment of AMUL dairy, Anand. The system of collective ownership, operation and control of milk trade by farmers came to be known as ANAND PATTERN. Anand pattern has given them an opportunity to have access to the modern technology.

The premises institution NDDB and IDC for application of the Anand pattern through out the country. The whole project under which replication was envisioned, is named as “operation flood”. The success of Anand pattern depends as establishing a strong co operative infrastructure at the grass root level, making economically viable to strengthen.

Dairy industry offers employment opportunity to the people so as to help the farmers to get fair price of milk. The farmers are provided with medical facilities to their cattle. Milk is becoming an alternative life line in our rural economy. With the advent of white revolution that is “SKHEERA KRANTI” in the same pattern of Denmark and Holland.

Export of dairy products plays an important role in our foreign trade. It increases the foreign exchange and national income of our country and also economic development of our country.


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Effective Supply Chain Management as a Strategic Advantage

TSS was established in 1913 and since then it has been in Sirsi. The products have got their own brand image and also customers. Based on the service provided by TSS to its customers we can know how the organization considers its customers and its products to the customers.

A study Effective supply chain management as a strategic advantage at TSS is undertaken for assessing the supply towards the customers and to understand the expectations of the customers towards arecanut and its products which will in turn help to take appropriate action by the management for removing the loop holes.

To interrogate customer‘s area-sampling system was adopted, since the population is undefined so 50 customers were interrogated to elicit the information, which are analyzed, interpreted and placed under with comments, charts and findings. The idea that customers prefer one product or one service over another is not new.

The ability to identify and measure the elements of such preference decisions with any accuracy and reliability has only recently become available. Most importantly, we have come to realize that high customer satisfaction does not assure continued customer Preference. Satisfaction research over the past fifteen years demonstrates that high satisfaction scores, while a measure of organization performance on a set of important criteria, do not adequately explain the composition of preference formation and therefore often serve as insufficient predictors of sustained preference or what is normally referred to as customer loyalty.

The co-operative society in India has a significant role to play in the economy. Enormous intermediaries are dependant for managing supply chain in the sector, like wholesalers and retailers. Due to this, the sector is engulfed with unhealthy cut throat competition among themselves and because of this its being cumbersome task for the marketers to create awareness about their product, brand and to induce consumers.

The TSS has its business presence across Karnataka and the consumers are scattered among various elements like geographical, religion, age, occupational, economic etc. Management needs to know the supply chain information in order to make sound decisions. Surveys on customer, retailers, and wholesalers can produce favorable or unfavorable result, but brings a number of benefits to management.

A study on supply chain helps to understand the performance of the organization and the behavior of the customers and the merchandisers. The study of supply chain indicates the expectations of the firm. Customer preference helps to understand the loyalty of the customer towards the products. The management finds a possible way to fulfill the expectations of customers and wholesalers and attracts new customers and wholesalers.


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Comparative Study of Interest Rates on Education Loans

An education loan is a loan taken to help pay for an education, usually at a college or trade school, but may also be used to pay for private schools or prep schools as well. The education loan is available in several different types.

These are student loans, parent loans and private loans. Loans are also either guaranteed or unguaranteed. Student and parent loans are most likely to be guaranteed by the government, though many agencies work for the government in this respect. Unguaranteed or unsubsidized loans are usually from private lenders only, and usually can only be obtained if one has a good credit score or significant equity.

The student loan is usually the best choice education loan for a student whose parents cannot pay for his or her education. While the student remains in school, interest on this type of education loan in accrues and is paid for by the government.

A parent education loan is a good choice for parents who don‟t want their children to end their college career in debt. These can also be guaranteed, meaning that parents don‟t necessarily have to have great credit scores to get a loan. Interest rates tend to be relatively low, but a longer repayment schedule means paying quite a bit of interest.

The private education loan almost always requires good credit. Many people use the equity in their house to take out such a loan. Unlike the parent and student education loan, the private education loan is not usually need based. Often when students apply for financial aid, they are told they, or their parents, make too much money to qualify.

The federal government does not guarantee the private education loan, and payments usually begin on the loan right away. These loans usually have the highest interest rates, as well. If they are taken as part of refinancing a home, they may be more economical.

Because students frequently leave college heavily burdened with debt, it is important to consider how much of a loan one really needs. The less debt contracted the better. Before applying for an education loan, evaluate the other types of aid that may be available. There are numerous scholarships that go unclaimed each year because no one applies for them. Research into scholarships that are not need-based can often help defer some college expenses, lessening the amount one needs to borrow.

A strong banking sector is important for flourishing economy. The failures of the banking sector may have an adverse impact on other sectors. This Study will help us to understand the education loan about banking services and products. In this background this study tries to analyze the educational loan interest rate towards banking services.

In this research I have adopt the Descriptive Research method only for PNB, Syndicate bank and SBM Education loan schemes for just compare the offer document of these three banks.

Research Methodology is an important part of every project. Because it help in knowing how to select representative sample from the world or the general population, the right research tools and techniques to complete the research.

To satisfy the customer the study of consumer behavior is important because he is the king. The Research Process is based on survey method, so in order to implement the survey we go to Service Provider and the Services user which is the customers. 

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